Part  I 


Report  eor  1889. 


RELATION  OF  WAGES 


TO  THE 


COST  OF  PRODUCTION. 


[From  the  Twentieth  Annual  Report  of  the 
Massachusetts  Bureau  or  Statistics 
of  Labor,  pp.  1-84.] 


BY 

HORACE  G.  WADLIN, 

CHIEF  OF  THE  BUREAU  OF  STATISTICS  OF  LABOR. 


BOSTON  : 

WRIGHT  & POTTER  PRINTING  CO.,  STATE  PRINTERS, 
18  Post  Office  Square. 

1890. 


t>-s\A 


CONTENTS- 


Page 

Introduction, 3,  4 

The  elements  involved  in  production, 3 

The  lines  of  inquiry, 3,  4 

The  material  collected, 4 

Explanation  of  the  tables, 4 

Relation  of  Wages  to  the  cost  of  Production  in  the  fol- 
lowing Industries: 5-66 

Agricultural  Implements, 5 

Arms  and  Ammunition, 5 

Artificial  Teeth  and  Dental  Work, 5 

Artisans’  Tools, 5,  6 

Boots  and  Shoes,  6-16 

Boxes  (Paper  and  Wooden), 16-18 

Brick,  Tiles,  and  Sewer  Pipe, 18,  19 

Brooms,  Brushes,  and  Mops, 19,  20 

Building, 20,  21 

Burial  Cases,  Caskets,  Coffins,  etc  , 21 

Buttons  and  Dress  Trimmings, 21,  22 

Carpetings, 22 

Carriages  and  Wagons, 22-24 

Cement,  Kaolin,  Lime,  and  Plaster, 24 

Chemical  Preparations  (Compounded), 24 

Clocks  and  Watches,  . 24 

Clothing, 24-26 

Concrete  Walks,  Paving,  etc., 26 

Cooking,  Lighting,  and  Heating  Apparatus,  . . . . 26,  27 

Cordage  and  Twine, 27 

Cotton  Goods, 28-30 

Cotton,  Woollen,  and  Other  Textiles, 31 

Crayons,  Pencils,  Crucibles,  etc 31 

Drugs  and  Medicines, 31 

Dyestuffs, 31 

Earthern,  Plaster,  and  Stone  Ware, 31,  32 

Electrical  Apparatus  and  Appliances 32 

Electroplating, 32 

Emery  and  Sand  Paper  and  Cloth,  etc., 32 


IV 


CONTENTS. 


Fancy  Articles, 

Page 

32 

Fertilizers, 

32 

Flax,  Hemp,  and  Jute  Goods, 

32 

Food  Preparations,  .... 

33-35 

Furniture, 

35-37 

Glass,  

' 37 

Glue,  Isinglass,  and  Starch,  . 

37 

Hair  Work  (Animal  and  Human), 

38 

Hosiery  and  Knit  Goods, 

38 

Ink,  Mucilage,  and  Paste, 

38 

Ivory,  Bone,  Shell,  and  Horn  Goods,  etc., 

38,  39 

Leather, 

39-41 

Linen,  

41 

Liquors  and  Beverages  (Not  Spirituous), 

41,  42 

Liquors  : Malt,  Distilled,  and  Fermented, 

42 

Lumber, 

43,  44 

Machines  and  Machinery, 

44-47 

Metals  and  Metallic  Goods,  . 

47-52 

Mixed  Textiles, 

52 

Models  and  Patterns,  .... 

52 

Musical  Instruments  and  Materials, 

52,  53 

Oils  and  Illuminating  Fluids, 

53 

Paints,  Colors,  and  Crude  Chemicals,  . 

53 

Paper  and  Paper  Goods, 

53-55 

Perfumes,  Toilet  Articles,  etc.,  . 

55 

Photographs  and  Photographic  Materials, 

55 

Polishes  and  Dressing,  .... 

55,  56 

Printing,  Publishing,  and  Bookbinding, 

56 

Railroad  Construction,  .... 

56 

Rubber  and  Elastic  Goods,  . 

56 

Salt, 

56 

Scientific  Instruments  and  Appliances, 

56 

Silk  and  Silk  Goods,  .... 

57 

Sporting  and  Athletic  Goods, 

57 

Stone, 

57,  58 

Straw  and  Palm  Leaf  Goods, 

58 

Tallow,  Candles,  Soap,  and  Grease, 

58 

Tobacco,  Snuff,  and  Cigars,  . 

59-61 

Toys  and  Games  (Children’s), 

61 

Trunks  and  Valises,  .... 

61 

Whips,  Lashes,  and  Stocks,  . 

61 

Wooden  Goods, 

61-63 

Woollen  Goods, 

63-66 

Worsted  Goods,  , , . , , 

66 

CONTENTS. 


v 


Page 

Analysis, 66-83 

Comparisons  of  wage  cost  in  detail, 66-69 

Comparative  wage  cost  for  articles  and  establishments : by  in- 
dustries,   70-74 

Percentages  of  product  represented  by  establishments  reporting 

cost  of  production:  by  industries, 74-77 

Percentages  of  wage  cost  of  total  cost  of  production : by  indus- 
tries,   77-82 


Conclusions, 


82,  83 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2017  with  funding  from 

University  of  Illinois  Urbana-Champaign  Alternates 


https://archive.org/details/relationofwagestOOwadl 


RELATION  OF  WAGES 


TO  THE 


COST  OF  PRODUCTION. 


RELATION  OE  WAGES  TO  THE  COST 
OF  PRODUCTION. 


Production  involves  two  elements,  Labor  and  Capital.  In 
the  discussion  of  economic  questions  relating  to*  production, 
evidence  respecting  the  labor  element,  including  under  that 
head  wages  and  labor  cost,  is  always  of  value.  The  part 
which  such  evidence  plays  in  the  solution  of  certain  prac- 
tical problems  is  unquestioned.  The  proper  adjustment  of 
a protective  tariff  cannot  be  made  without  this  evidence,  nor 
can  controversies  between  labor  and  capital  be  rightly  settled 
without  reference  to  it. 

Two  lines  of  inquiry  present  themselves.  First,  the  deter- 
mination of  the  share  of  product  which  falls  to  labor  in  distinc- 
tion from  the  share  retained  by  capital ; and,  second,  the 
relation  which  labor  cost  bears  to  the  total  cost  of  the  prod- 
uct, as  shown  by  the  proportion  which  wages  bear  to  the 
other  elements  of  cost.  The  first  inquiry  would  involve  the 
question  of  profits,  and  would  take,  as  its  basis,  the  selling 
price  of  the  product,  separating  this  price  into  the  various 
factors  which  compose  it;  such,  for  instance,  as  wages  (labor’s 
share)  and  profits  and  interest  (capital’s  share).  The  second 
phase  of  the  subject  deals  only  with  the  actual  cost  to  the 
manufacturer,  eliminates  profits,  and  determines  what  part  of 
that  cost  is  due  to  labor,  represented  by  wages,  and  what  to 
raw  material  and  other  necessary  expenses.  These  two  phases 
of  the  subject  involve  different  and  entirely  distinct  problems. 
In  fact,  one  line  of  investigation  concerns  the  distribution  of 


4 


STATISTICS  OF  LABOR.  [Pub.  Doc. 


wealth,  while  the  other  deals  entirely  with  its  production.  It 
is  with  the  second  and  simpler  investigation,  which  properly 
precedes  the  other,  that  the  present  Part  deals.  The  question 
it  asks  and  answers,  in  1,615  specified  instances,  is,  What  rela- 
tion does  the  cost  of  labor  bear  to  the  cost  of  the  product, 
as  it  lies  completed  in  the  manufacturers  hands  ? From  the 
manufacturer’s  stand-point  the  inquiry  relates  to  outlay,  not 
to  income ; that  is,  it  does  not  deal  with  profits.  From  the 
workman’s  stand-point  it  determines  the  share  he  has  contrib- 
uted to  the  product,  and  for*  which  he  has  been  remunerated 
in  the  form  oL wages. 

The  material  collected  by  the  Bureau,  upon  which  the  pres- 
ent Part  rests,  is  from  original  sources,  and  in  the  form  of  dis- 
tinct and  complete  returns  from  1,615  different  manufacturing 
establishments  in  the  Commonwealth.  It  is  not  only  entirely 
reliable,  but  it  is  new,  the  field  having  never  till  now  been 
covered  by  any  extended  investigation. 

In  the  tables  certain  selected  articles  of  manufacture,  under 
each  classified  head,  are  presented,  the  total  cost  of  produc- 
ing a specified  quantity  being  given  by  percentages  showing 
the  proportionate  expenses  for  wages,  raw  material,  and  for 
expenses  not  specified.  By  the  latter  item  is  meant  any  ex- 
penses not  properly  included  under  the  head  of  wages, 
as,  for  instance,  rent,  taxes,  insurance,  etc.  Each  article  is 
followed  by  a similar  presentation  for  the  establishment  in 
which  it  was  made,  showing  the  expense  of  production  of  all 
articles  made  in  the  establishment  upon  the  same  basis  as  that 
used  in  giving  the  cost  of  the  selected  article.  In  a few  cases, 
obvious  upon  an  inspection  of  the  tables,  the  item  “expenses 
not  specified”  has  been  included  in  the  item  “raw  materials” 
in  the  returns,  giving,  in  such  cases,  only  two  divisions  of  cost, 
namely,  wages  and  raw  material.  The  tables  are  followed  by 
an  analysis  of  results. 


No.  15.]  WAGES : COST  OF  PRODUCTION. 


AGRICULTURAL  IMPLEMENTS. 


Names  op  Articles,  etc. 

Quantities 

Percentages  op 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for  — 

Wages 

Kaw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Hay  cutters,  ...... 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  .... 

25.00 

59.80 

75.00 

27.78 

12.42 

Horse-powers 

The  establishment, 

one  machine  .... 

50.00 

56.98 

50.00 

35.61 

7.41 

Plows, 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  .... 

40.69 

50.72 

59.31 

33.87 

15.41 

Scythe  sticks, 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  .... 

26.92 

33.90 

61.54 

66.10 

11.54 

Shovels, 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

33.05 
29  22 

49.46 

59.61 

17.49 

11.17 

ARMS  AND  AMMUNITION. 


Blasting  powder, 

The  establishment, 

twenty-two  hundred  kegs 

36.00 

35.02 

64.00 

62.26 

2.72 

Gun  nipples 

The  establishment, 

one  gross 

90.29 

86.13 

9.71 

11.48 

2.39  . 

Gunpowder 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pounds 

13.33 

18.40 

70.00 

81.60 

16.67 

Gunpowder, 

The  establishment, 

twenty-five  hundred  pounds . 

18.08 

18.61 

58.00 

66.17 

23.92 

15.22 

Pistols, 

The  establishment, 

one 

50.00 

39.11 

25.00 

53.60 

25.00 

7.29 

Rifles 

The  establishment, 

one 

68.00 

54.84 

32.00 

29.70 

15.46 

ARTIFICIAL  TEETH  AND  DENTAL  WORK. 


Artificial  teeth 

50.00 

50.00 

The  establishment, 

25.87 

53.48 

20.65 

Artificial  teeth, 

one  set 

70.00 

30.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

- 

100.00 

- 

Artificial  teeth 

one  set 

62.50 

37.50 

_ 

The  establishment', 

— 

100.00 

- 

ARTISANS’  TOOLS. 


Awls,  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

68.75 

59.78 

31.25 

40.22 

- 

Axes,  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  dozen 

34.78 

41.53 

52.18 

52.08 

13.04 

6.39 

Bit  braces,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  . 

46.00 

51.27 

34.00 

36.33 

20.00 

12.40 

Bits,  .... 

The  establishment, 

one  gross . 

55.56 

48.99 

44.44 

47.41 

3.60 

Bits  {%  inch), 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  . 

89.58 

56.25 

10.42 

39.06 

4.69 

Calking  tools, 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen 

68.75 

69.23 

31.25 

20.61 

10.16 

Chisels, 

The  establishment, 

* 

one  dozen 

50.00 

48.84 

50.00 

12.48 

38.68 

Cutting  dies, 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  . 

66.67 

69.51 

33.33 

30.49 

6 


STATISTICS  OF  LABOR. 


[Pub.  Doc 


ARTISANS’  TOOLS  — Concluded. 


Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Quantities 

Percentages  of 

Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for— 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Engine  lathes  and  planes,  . 

The  establishment, 

ninety-five  .... 

51.43 

68.18 

23.62 

31.31 

24.95 
0.51  . 

Files 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

52.00 

77.88 

37.20 

14.33 

10.80 

7.79 

Files, 

The  establishment, 

one  gross 

53.85 

38.79 

46.15 

14.81 

46.40 

Files  and  rasps, 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

61.57 

53.90 

38.43 

23.54 

22.56 

Jack  planes 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  .... 

52.50 

74.96 

47.50 

22.79 

2.25 

Lathes, 

The  establishment, 

twenty 

56.65 

47.21 

30.59 

32.09 

12.76 

20.70 

Machine  knives, 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  feet  . 

41.67 

43.42 

52.08 

42.38 

6.25 

14.20 

Peg  cutters,  ...... 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

40.91 

67.08 

36.36 

27.32 

22.73 

5.60 

Saws 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  dozen 

60.00 

38.48 

40.00 

43.19 

18.33 

Saw  swages, . . . 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  .... 

75.00 

80.83 

25.00 

19.17 

_ 

Screw  wrenches, 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  .... 

45.34 

51.26 

39.38 

37.76 

15.28 

10.98 

Screw  wrenches, 

The  establishment, 

twelve  thousand 

66.67 

52.60 

29.89 

38.82 

3.44 

8.58 

Sewing  awls, 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  .... 

91.47 

63.84 

8.53 

22.81 

13.35 

Shoe  knives 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  dozen 

75.00 

80.32 

18.75 

19.68 

6.25 

Shoe  knives 

The  establishment, 

one  gross 

57.14 

59.69 

20.19 

36.33 

22.67 

3.98 

Spirit  levels 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  .... 

62.50 

33.33 

32.14 

60.85 

5.36 

5.82 

Tanner’6  fleshers,  .... 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

36.84 

36.27 

63.16 

36.88 

26.85 

Wrenches 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  .... 

50.73 

50.14 

37.68 

29.08 

11.59 

20.78 

BOOTS  AND  SHOES. 


Boot  and  shoe  stitching, 

sixty  pairs 

86.67 

13.33 

_ 

The  establishment, 

80.77 

10.26 

8.97 

Boots 

one  pair  . 

42.94 

57.06 

- 

The  establishment, 

42.28 

55.98 

1.74 

Boots,  . . 

ten  pairs  . 

38.46 

61.54 

- 

The  establishment, 

- 

82.68 

17.32 

Boots, 

twelve  pairs  . 

21.33 

74.84 

3.83 

The  establishment, 

16.72 

80.82 

2.46 

Boots 

twelve  pairs  . 

30.00 

70.00 

- 

The  establishment, 

25.28 

74.72 

- 

Boots, 

twelve  pairs  . 

24.14 

75.86 

- 

The  establishment, 

24.95 

73.94 

1.11 

Boots, 

one  case  . 

44.44 

55.56 

- . 

The  establishment, 

62.10 

25.74 

12.16 

Boots, 

one  case  . 

. 

45.00 

55.00 

- 

The  establishment, 

48.82 

50.98 

0.20 

Boots 

one  case  . 

27.77 

72.23 

- 

The  establishment, 

27.78 

72.22 

No.  15.]  WAGES : COST  OF  PRODUCTION 


7 


BOOTS  AND  SHOES  — Continued. 


Names  of  Articles,  etc.  • 

Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for — 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Boots 

The  establishment, 

one  case  . 

33.35 

29.19 

66.65 

70.06 

0.75 

Boots, 

The  establishment, 

one  case  . 

27.27 

25.28 

54.55 

72.78 

18.18 

1.94 

Boots, 

The  establishment, 

one  case  . 

22.22 

23.16 

66.67 

75.67 

11.11 

1.17 

Boots, ’ 

The  establishment, 

one  case  . 

29.00 

23.38 

71.00 

76.62 

- 

Boots, 

The  establishment, 

ten  cases  . 

31.20 

14.72 

66.80 

82.88 

2.00 

2.40 

Boots, 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  cases  . 

22.73 

24.55 

72.73 

67.40 

4.54 

8.05 

Boots, 

The  establishment, 

five  thousand  cases 

22.22 

21.86 

77.78 

76.52 

1.62 

Boots 

The  establishment, 

ten  thousand, seven 
and  twenty  cases 

hundred 

26.47 

26.13 

73.53 

72.59 

1.28 

Boots,  balmoral  (button,  calf,  men’s) 
The  establishment, 

twelve  pairs  . 

25.00 

27.10 

69.90 

68.61 

5.10 

4.29 

Boots,  balmoral  (English,  men’s) 

The  establishment, 

two  hundred  cases  . 

25.00 

24.96 

75.00 

74.94 

0.10 

Boots,  balmoral  (grain,  women’s) 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs 

31.32 

25.88 

68.68 

71.55 

2.57 

Boots,  buff  (men’s)  .... 
The  establishment, 

twenty-four  pairs  . 

33.82 

28.20 

66.18 

71.11 

0.69 

Boots,  button 

The  establishment, 

seventy-two  pairs  . 

33.95 

40.44 

64.82 

57.67 

1.23 

1.89 

Boots,  button  (calf)  .... 
The  establishment, 

twenty-four  pairs  . 

32.90 

46.15 

59.21 

47.72 

7.89 

6.13 

Boots,  button  (calf,  men’s) 

The  establishment, 

twelve  pairs  . 

34.21 

30.70 

65.79 

66.49 

2.81 

Boots,  button  (children’s)  . 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs 

31.11 

23.68 

62.22 

76.25 

6.67 

0.07 

Boots,  button  (children’s)  . 

The  establishment, 

seventy-two  pairs  . 

52.63 

52.62 

47.37 

46.78 

0.60 

Boots,  button  (children’s)  . 

The  establishment, 

seventy-two  pairs  . 

31.67 

20.21 

68.33 

77.27 

2.52 

Boots,  button  (Dongola,  women’s)  . 
The  establishment, 

thirty-six  pairs 

40.00 

60.00 

74.07 

3.14 

Boots,  button  (glove  foxed,  women’s) 
The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs 

31.58 

7.43 

68.42 

89.25 

3.32 

Boots,  button  (glove  grain,  women’s) 
The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs 

35.19 

25.49 

64.81 

72.17 

2.34 

Boots,  button  (glove  grain,  women’s) 
The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs 

21.18 

6.42 

42.35 

91.79 

36.47 

1.79 

Boots,  button  (glove  top  and  foxed 

kid,  women’s) 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs 

41.67 

10.87 

58.33 

87.93 

1.20 

Boots,  button  (goat,  women’s)  . 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs 

34.97 

14.83 

65.03 

83.76 

1.41 

Boots,  button  (grain)  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  pair  . 

33.68 

17.66 

63.16 

77.70 

3.16 

4.64 

Boots,  button  (grain)  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  pair  . 

27.78 

32.28 

72.22 

66.50 

1.22 

Boots,  button  (grain)  .... 
The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs 

25.00 

12.98 

65.00 

86.03 

10.00 

0.99 

Boots,  button  (grain,  children’s) 

The  establishment, 

seventy-two  pairs  . 

32.76 

16.55 

67.24 

82.76 

0.69 

Boots,  button  (grain,  misses’)  . 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs 

29.42 

24.75 

67.67 

63.66 

2.91 

11.59 

8 


STATISTICS  OF  LABOR.  [Pub.  Doc 


BOOTS  AND  SHOES  — Continued. 


Names  of  Articles,  etc. 


Boots,  button  (kid) 

The  establishment, 

Boots,  button  (kid,  children’s)  . 
The  establishment, 

Boots,  button  (kid,  children’s)  . 
The  establishment, 

Boots,  button  (kid,  children’s)  . 
The  establishment, 

Boots,  button  (kid,  women’s)  . 
The  establishment, 

Boots,  button  (kid,  women’s) 

The  establishment, 

Boots,  button  (kid,  women’s)  . 
The  establishment, 

Boots,  button  (kid,  women’s)  . 
The  establishment, 

Boots,  button  (kid,  women’s)  . 
The  establishment, 

Boots,  button  (kid,  women’s)  . 
The  establishment, 

Boots,  button  (kid,  women’s) 

The  establishment, 

Boots,  button  (kid,  women’s) 

The  establishment, 

Boots,  button  (kid,  women’s) 

The  establishment, 

Boots,  button  (kid,  women’s) 

The  establishment, 

Boots,  button  (kid,  women’s)  . 
The  establishment, 

Boots,  button  (women’s)  . 

The  establishment, 

Boots,  calf 

The  establishment, 

Boots,  calf  . ... 

The  establishment, 

Boots,  calf 

The  establishment, 

Boots,  calf 

The  establishment, 

Boots,  calf  (men’s) 

The  establishment, 

Boots,  calf  (sewed) 

The  establishment, 

Boots,  congress  . . . •. 

The  establishment, 

Boots,  congress  .... 

The  establishment, 

Boots,  congress  (buff,  men’s) 

The  establishment, 

Boots,  congress  (buff,  men’s) 

The  establishment, 

Boots,  congress  (calf,  men’s) 

The  establishment, 

Boots,  congress  (Dongola,  men’s) 
The  establishment, 

Boots,  custom  .... 
The  establishment, 


Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for  — 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

one  case  ....... 

31.03 

19.91 

62.07 

79.17 

1 

6.90 

0.92 

sixty  pairs  . . ..  .. 

42.04 

46.06 

57.96 

50.90 

3.04 

seventy -two  pairs  . 

33.23 

29.26 

66.77 

69.76 

0.98 

seventy-two  pairs  . 

38.89 

35.46 

52.78 

55.72 

8.33 

8.82 

thirty-six  pairs 

38.10 

35.84 

61.90 

58.87 

5.29 

thirty-six  pairs 

32.79 

27.68 

67.21 

69.48 

2.84 

thirty-six  pairs 

40.00 

8.19 

60.00 

90.25 

1.56 

sixty  pairs  .... 

40.00 

5.05 

60.00 

93.18 

1.77 

sixty  pairs  .... 

31.54 

27.37 

60.77 

70.61 

7.69 

2.02 

sixty  pairs  . . . 

25.36 

6.74 

74.64 

91.28 

1.98 

sixty  pairs  .... 

40.00 

13.53 

60.00 

85.05 

1.42 

sixty  pairs  .... 

35.24 

5.52 

64.76 

93.57 

0.91 

sixty  pairs  .... 

30.99 

15.86 

69.01 

79.29 

4.85 

sixty  pairs  .... 

36.00 

16.61 

64.00 

79.10 

4.29 

sixty  pairs  .... 

36.56 

6.59 

63.44 

91.18 

2.23 

sixty  pairs  .... 

27.41 

23.11 

61.48 

64.48 

11.11 

12.41 

twelve  pairs  .... 

20.83 

34.06 

72.00 

61.64 

7.17 

4.30 

five  cases  

19.83 

32.90 

80.17 

66.54 

0.56 

five  cases 

19.58 

42.31 

79.17 

57.36 

1.25 

0.33 

twenty-five  thousand  cases  . 

30.00 

29.48 

70.00 

68.81 

1.71 

one  pair 

38.46 

49.64 

61.54 

44.28 

6.08 

one  case 

22.22 

24.46 

77.78 

72.92 

2.62 

twenty-four  pairs  . 

one  hundred  and  forty-two 

26.88 

28.58 

65.72 

71.20 

7.40 

0.22 

cases  

37.29 

32.60 

61.66 

53.90 

1.05 

13.50 

twelve  pairs  .... 

51.17 

42.74 

48.83 

53.42 

3.84 

sixty  pairs  .... 

34.52 

31.80 

65.48 

66.74 

1.46 

twenty-four  pairs  . 

30.12 

28.30 

52.70 

68.73 

17.18 

2.97 

twenty-four  pairs  . 

24.00 

35.24 

66.00 

59.73 

10.00 

5.03 

one  pair 

50.00 

61.54 

50.00 

38.46 

: 

No.  15.]  WAGES:  COST  OF  PRODUCTION 


9 


BOOTS  AND  SHOES  — Continued. 


Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for  — 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Boots,  custom  (men’s) 

The  establishment, 

one  pair  . . 

35.00 

51.66 

65.00 

34.19 

14.15 

Boots,  fishing 

The  establishment, 

ten  cases  . 

25.71 

32.15 

74.29 

67.75 

0.10  • 

Boots,  gaiter  (congress,  calf) 

The  establishment, 

one  pair  . 

43.65 

34.63 

56.35 

60.02 

5.3o 

Boots,  goat  (women’s)  . 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs 

36.17 

20.92 

63.83 

76.19 

2.89 

Boots,  grain  (women’s) 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs 

27.50 

14.44 

72.50 

82.23 

3.33 

Boots,  grain  and  kip  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  case  . 

32.14 

32.63 

60.72 

63.65 

7.14 

3.72 

Boots,  kid  (glove  top,  women’s) 

The  establishment, 

thirty-six  pairs 

34.88 

28.03 

65.12 

70.55 

1.42 

Boots,  kid  (women’s)  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  pair  . 

33.33 

33.04 

55.56 

60.58 

11.11 

6.38 

Boots,  kip 

The  establishment, 

one  case  . 

15.78 

23.01 

74.84 

74.18 

9.38 

2.81 

Boots,  kip  . . . 

The  establishment, 

one  case  . 

26.81 

24.37 

73.19 

71.92 

3.71 

Boots,  kip  (pegged)  .... 
The  establishment, 

ten  cases  . 

33.33 

16.55 

66.67 

82.30 

1.15 

Boots,  machine-sewed 

The  establishment, 

one  case  . 

46.67 

30.77 

53.33 

67:81 

1.42 

Boots,  men’s 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  cases  . 

17.74 

16.80 

82.26 

81.97 

1.23 

Boots,  Newport  button  (kid,  women’s) 
The  establishment, 

thirty-six  pairs 

36.75 

18.62 

63.25 

78.59 

2.79 

Boots,  Newport  button(kid, women’s) 
The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs 

41.18 

14.25 

58.82 

77.98 

7.77 

Boots,  Newport  button  (women’s)  . 
The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs 

31.82 

17.78 

68.18 

78.69 

3.53 

Boots,  opera  (kid,  women’s) 

The  establishment, 

thirty-six  pairs 

32.87 

20.57 

67.13 

77.57 

1.86 

Boots,  opera  (kid,  women’s) 

The  establishment, 

thirty-six  pairs 

39.20 

17.29 

60.80 

79.54 

3.17 

Boots,  Polish  (buff,  women’s)  . 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs 

35.09. 

14.20 

64.91 

83.80 

2.00 

Boots,  Polish  (goat,  women’s)  . 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs 

33.33 

29.61 

66.67 

67.43 

2.96 

Boots,  serge 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs 

40.00 

50.77 

60.00 

49.23 

: 

Boots,  women’s 

The  establishment, 

one  pair  . 

43.33 

73.53 

56.67 

26.47 

- 

Boots,  women’s 

The  establishment, 

thirty-six  pairs 

25.76 

42.29 

74.24 

54.89 

2.82 

Boots,  women’s 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs 

33.33 

43.48 

66.67 

34.78 

21.74 

Boots  and  shoes, 

The  establishment, 

forty-four  thousand 

pairs 

27.27 

34.91 

72.73 

64.94 

0.15 

Boots  and  shoes, 

The  establishment, 

one  pair  . 

61.38 

38.17 

38.62 

60.63 

1.20 

Boots  and  shoes,  ..... 
The  establishment, 

one  pair  . 

40.00 

33.04 

53.33 

66.96 

6.67 

Boots  and  shoes, 

The  establishment, 

one  pair  . 

33.46 

32.76 

59.27 

66.30 

7.27 

0.94 

Boots  and  shoes, 

The  establishment, 

one  pair  . 

33.57 

43.50 

66.43 

54.96 

1.54 

10 


STATISTICS  OF  LABOR.  [Pub.  Doc 


BOOTS  AND  SHOES  — Continued. 


Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  ofc  Production 
Paid  for  — 

JN ames  of  Articles, 

ETC. 

Wages  j 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Boots  aud  shoes,  . 
The  establishment, 

one  pair  . . . . . 

50.00 

54.19 

50.00 

34.84 

10.97 

Boots  and  shoes,  . 
The  establishment, 

twelve  pairs  .... 

13.83 

21.16 

70.00 

76.66 

2.18 

Boots  and  shoes,  . 
The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs  .... 

16.73 

■27.42 

45.09 

70.93 

38.18 

1.65 

Boots  and  shoes,  . 
The  establishment, 

seventy -two  pairs  . 

56.25 

52.40 

43.75 

44.91 

2.69 

Boots  and  shoes,  . 
The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pairs  . 

25.50 

40.84 

57.50 

56.52 

17.00 

2.64 

Boots  and  shoes,  . 
The  establishment, 

one  hundred  and  fifty  pairs  . 

38.46 

38.46 

61.54 

61.54 

- 

Boots  and  shoes,  . 

The  establishment, 

three  hundred  and  fifty-eight 
pairs 

19.28 

20.41 

67.41 

71.66 

13.31 

7.93 

Boots  and  shoes,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  and  eighty  thou- 
sand pairs  .... 

33.33 

32.99 

66.67 

65.99 

1.02 

Boots  and  shoes,  . 

The  establishment, 

twenty-two  thousand,  two 
hundred  pairs 

28.53 

28.28 

71.47 

70.83 

0.89 

Boots  and  shoes,  . 
The  establishment, 

one  case 

40.00 

46.77 

60.00 

51.36 

1.87 

Boots  and  shoes,  . 
The  establishment, 

one  case  ..... 

38.20 

34.95 

61.80 

61.11 

3.94 

Boots  and  shoes,  . 

The  establishment, 

seven  thousand,  eight  hundred 
and  eight  cases 

33.74 

33.23 

66.26 

57.23 

9.54 

Boots  and  shoes,  . 
The  establishment, 

one  hundred  cases  . 

18.94 

23.66 

71.97 

74.45 

9.09 

1.89 

Boots  and  shoes,  . 
The  establishment, 

twelve  hundred  cases  . 

23.40 

40.87 

76.60 

56.76 

2.37 

Boots  and  shoes,  . 
The  establishment, 

eighteen  hundred  cases  . 

35.14 

32.60 

64.86 

64.65 

2.75 

Boots  and  shoes,  . 
The  establishment, 

two  thousand  cases 

40.00 

41.24 

55.90 

57.62 

4.10 

1.14 

Boots  and  shoes,  . 
The  establishment, 

six  thousand  cases  . 

30.30 

30.27 

69.70 

69.62 

0.11 

Boots  and  shoes,  calf  (men’s)  . 

The  establishment, 

two  hundred  and  forty  thou- 
sand pairs  .... 

27.83 

3.65 

55.50 

93.53 

16.67 

2.82 

Boots  and  shoes,  custom 
The  establishment, 

* * 

ten  pairs 

50.00 

16.54 

50.00 

56.94 

26.52 

Boots  and  shoes,  fine 
The  establishment, 

. . 

one  pair 

50.00 

34.34 

25.00 

34.34 

25.00 

31.32 

Boots  and  shoes  (women’s) 

The  establishment, 

fifty  cases  ..... 

37.58 

36.30 

61.82 

56.39 

0.60 

7.31 

Box-toes, 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  pairs 

60.00 

14.01 

40.00 

77.60 

8.39 

Box-toes,  leather-board 
The  establishment, 

one  thousand  pairs 

27.27 

39.85 

72.73 

37.01 

23.14 

Brogans, 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  cases 

21.62 

21.52 

78.38 

77.86 

0.62 

Brogans,  calf 

The  establishment, 

• 

one  hundred  and  twenty  thou- 
sand pairs  .... 

10.83 

25.22 

66.67 

74.73 

22.50 

0.05 

Brogans,  kip 

The  establishment, 

• 

* * 

one  case 

33.33 

30.29 

66.67 

65.81 

3.90 

Brogans,  men’s  . 
The  establishment, 

* 

one  case 

15.00 

27.33 

85.00 

72.13 

0.54 

No.  15.]  WAGES:  COST  OF  PRODUCTION 


11 


BOOTS  AND  SHOES  — Continued. 


Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  sor  — 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Brogans,  wax  (men’s) 

one  thousand  cases 

14.10 

82.89 

. 3.01 

The  establishment, 

20.72 

76.48 

2.80 

Buskins,  goat  (turned) 

one  hundred  cases  . 

25.64 

66.67 

7.69 

The  establishment, 

22.25 

74.61 

3.14 

Button-holes, 

one  hundred  . 

64.91 

35.09 

_ 

The  establishment, 

49.75 

49.75 

0.50 

Button-holes, 

one  hundred  thousand 

64.00 

36.00 

The  establishment, 

73.34 

26.00 

0.66 

Gaiters,  button 

one  pair  . 

54.96 

45.04 

_ 

The  establishment, 

53.38 

43.68 

2.94 

Gaiters,  congress  (serge)  . 

one  case  . 

28.74 

57.47 

13.79 

The  establishment, 

28.67 

71.33 

- 

Heeling, 

one  sheet . 

27.78 

72.22 

. 

The  establishment, 

25.56 

72.07 

2.37 

Heeling, 

one  hundred  sheets 

30.00 

70.00 

The  establishment, 

• 

25.26 

69.00 

5.74 

Heeling, 

one  ton  . 

75.00 

25.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

64.86 

35.14 

- 

Heeling, 

one  ton  . *. 

50.00 

50.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

34.60 

65.40 

_ 

Heeling,  pasted  . 

two  thousand  pounds 

33.33 

55.56 

11.11 

The  establishment, 

24.93 

75.07 

Heeling,  sheet 

one  sheet . 

21.43 

71.43 

7.14 

The  establishment, 

27.55 

63.99 

8.46 

Hefeling,  sheet 

one  thousand  sheets 

27.27 

72.73 

_ 

The  establishment, 

40.52 

58.95 

0.53 

Heels,  . 

one  pair  . 

28.57 

64.29 

7.14 

The  establishment, 

23.76 

76.04 

0.20 

Heels,  . 

one  pair  . 

40.00 

50.00 

10.00 

The  establishment, 

41.67 

58.33 

- 

Heels,  . 

sixty  pairs 

83.33 

16.67 

_ 

The  establishment, 

29.41 

70.59 

- 

Heels,  . 

one  thousand  heels 

16.67 

83.33 

The  establishment, 

14.33 

80.58 

5.09 

Heels,  . 

one  hundred  pairs  . 

25.00 

62.50 

12.50 

The  establishment, 

13.59 

85.47 

0.94 

Heels,  . 

four  hundred  pairs 

52.67 

47.33 

The  establishment, 

17.41 

80.53 

2.06 

Heels,  . 

one  barrel 

17.50 

75.00 

7.50 

The  establishment, 

9.84 

89.87 

0.29 

Heels,  . 

one  case  . 

72.31 

27.69 

The  establishment, 

66.14 

27.49 

6.37 

Heels,  . 

one  hundred  cases  . 

21.06 

78.94 

The  establishment, 

21.05 

78.95 

- 

Heels,  boot  . 

one  thousand  pairs 

21.32 

71.30 

7.38 

The  establishment, 

41.81 

52.35 

5.84 

Heels,  cut 

fifteen  cases  . 

11.25 

88.33 

0.42 

The  establishment, 

17.25 

82.16 

0.59 

Heels,  shoe  . 

three  hundred  and  two 

thou- 

sand  pairs  . 

30.32 

60.65 

9.03 

The  establishment, 

33.03 

66.06 

0.91 

Heels,  shoe  . 

one  hundred  cases  . 

22.14 

77.86 

The  establishment, 

24.74 

74.59 

0.67 

Kid  stays, 

one  gross  yards 

. 

42.86 

57.14 

The  establishment, 

20.15 

75.54 

4.31 

Leather-board, 

one  ton 

15.00 

73.00 

12.00 

The  establishment, 

19.03 

72.08 

8.89 

Pasted  taps,  . 

ten  cases  . 

36.00 

60.00 

4.00 

The  establishment, 

28.14 

70.88 

0.98 

12 


STATISTICS  OF  LABOR 


[Pub.  Doc 


BOOTS  AND  SHOES  — Continued. 


Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for  — 

.NAMES  OF  ARTICLES,  ETC. 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Pumps,  patent  leather  (men’s) 
The  establishment, 

thirty-six  pairs 

27.65 

11.71 

72.35 

83.28 

5.01 

Rands,  . 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs 

13.33 

14.32 

86.67 

71.79 

13.89 

Rubber  counter's, . 
The  establishment, 

two  million  pairs  . 

33.23 

29.99 

66.75 

60.26 

0.02 

9.75 

Shoe  buttons, 

The  establishment, 

one  great  gross 

30.30 

37.75 

57!  43 

4.82 

Shoe  counters, 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  pairs . 

32.50 

36.21 

67.50 

62.67 

1.12 

Shoe  elastic,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  yards 

13.43 

24.02 

71.64 

73.55 

14.93 

2.43 

Shoe  uppers  (fitted), 
The  establishment, 

one  case  . 

66.67 

75.99 

33.33 

21.66 

2.35 

Shoes,  . 

The  establishment, 

9 

one  pair  . 

36.67 

43.45 

63.33 

56.55 

_ 

Shoes,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  pair  . 

37.50 

40.13 

56.25 

58.13 

6.25 

1.74 

Shoes,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  pair  . . 

45.00 

33.21 

55.00 

61.99 

4.80 

Shoes,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  pair  . 

34.78 

15.82 

65.22 

84.04 

0.14 

Shoes,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  pair  . 

25.41 

26.46 

74.59 

64.09 

9.45 

Shoes,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  pair  . 

35.71 

37.32 

64.29 

58.27 

4.41 

Shoes,  . 

The  establishment, 

twelve  pairs  . . 

38.89 

37.52 

61.11 

55.58 

6.90 

Shoes,  . 

The  establishment, 

twelve  pairs  . 

40.35 

35.24 

42.11 

61.66 

17.54 

3.10 

Shoes,  . 

The  establishment, 

twenty-four  pairs  . 

35.00 

27.18 

65.00 

72.49 

0.33 

Shoes,  . 

The  establishment, 

twenty-four  pairs  . 

30.43 

31.84 

69.57 

68.16 

- 

Shoes,  . 

The  establishment, 

twenty-four  pairs  . 

41.07 

28.57 

51.79 

71.43 

7.14 

Shoes,  . 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs 

20.34 

23.84 

74.58 

74.43 

5.08 

1.73 

Shoes,  . 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs 

33.33 

8.66 

66.67 

90.86 

0.48 

Shoes,  . 

The  establishment, 

29.55 

29.12 

67.07 

65.82 

3.38 

5.06 

Shoes,  . 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs 

44.64 

51.38 

47.62 

48.16 

7.74 

0.46 

Shoes,  . 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs 

24.76 

36.17 

75.24 

60.81 

3.02 

Shoes,  . 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs 

25.00 

28.30 

75.00 

67.24 

4.46 

Shoes,  . 

The  establishment, 

seventy-two  pairs  . 

56.52 

41.90 

43.48 

58.10 

- 

Shoes,  . 

The  establishment, 

seventy-two  pairs  . 

26.04 

32.15 

52.08 

60.39 

21.88 

7.46 

Shoes,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  case  . 

51.43 

39.69 

37.14 

38.69 

11.43 

21.62 

Shoes,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  case  . 

33.33 

39.38 

66.67 

60.14 

0.48 

Shoes,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  case  . 

20.37 

41.20 

79.63 

58.53 

0.27* 

No.  15.]  WAGES:  COST  OF  PRODUCTION, 


13 


BOOTS  AND  SHOES  — Continued. 


Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for — 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Shoes 

The  establishment, 

one  case  . 

24.33 

24.59 

62.16 

74.00 

13.51 

1.41 

Shoes 

The  establishment, 

one  case  . 

27.78 

34.93 

72.22 

62.34 

2.73 

Shoes,  ........ 

The  establishment, 

one  case  . 

46.43 

38.77 

53.57 

60.89 

0.34 

Shoes, 

The  establishment, 

one  case  . 

40.00 

33.92 

60.00 

62.39 

3.69 

Shoes, 

The  establishment, 

one  case  . 

34.48 

31.02 

65.52 

67.76 

1.22 

Shoes, 

The  establishment, 

one  case  . 

38.46 

30.62 

61.54 

69.38 

: 

Shoes 

The  establishment, 

one  case  . 

34.54 

36.83 

52.73 

61.77 

12.73 

1.40 

Shoes 

The  establishment, 

one  case  . 

34.00 

37.54 

66.00 

60.37 

2.09 

Shoes,  ........ 

The  establishment, 

ten  cases  . 

33.33 

31.41 

66.67 

68.14 

0.45 

Shoes, 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  cases  . 

33.33 

34.64 

66.67 

62.99 

2.37 

Shoes, 

The  establishment, 

two  hundred  cases  . 

62.93 

53.74 

36.79 

41.59 

0.28 

4.67 

Shoes, 

The  establishment, 

six  hundred  cases  . 

15.15 

22.56 

81.82 

76.70 

3.03 

0.74 

Shoes, 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand,  four  hundred 
and  eighteen  cases 

21.65 

24.07 

78.35 

74.16 

1.77 

Shoes,  balmoral  (grain,  pegged) 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs 

39.65 

39.85 

48.28 

60.15 

12.07 

Shoes,  balmoral  (lace,  men’s)  . 

The  establishment, 

forty-eight  pairs 

29.26 

29.75 

66.34 

66.54 

4.40 

3.71 

Shoes,  buff 

The  establishment, 

one  pair  . 

31.97 

36.35 

68.03 

62.48 

1.17 

Shoes,  buff  (men’s)  .... 
The  establishment, 

twelve  hundred  pairs 

20.98 

16.68 

72.13 

78.60 

6.89 

4.72 

Shoes,  buskin 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs 

32.73 

28.08 

67.27 

53.34 

18.58 

Shoes,  button  (buff,  boys’) 

The  establishment, 

one  case  . 

33.33 

31.44 

65.00 

68.56 

1.67 

Shoes,  button  (buff,  men’s) 

The  establishment, 

twelve  pairs  . 

17.01 

26.97 

81.30 

71.16 

1.69 

1.87 

Shoes,  button  (calf,  men’s) 

The  establishment, 

twelve  pairs  . 

37.80 

30.14 

56.69 

65.28 

5.51 

4.58 

Shoes,  button  (grain)  .... 
The  establishment, 

seventy -two  pairs  . 

27.27 

52.19 

72.73 

38.87 

8.94 

Shoes,  calf 

The  establishment, 

one  pair  . 

40.89 

34.44 

59.11 

59.16 

6.40 

Shoes,  calf  (men’s)  .... 
The  establishment, 

twelve  pairs  . 

20.87 

28.88 

73.04 

61.18 

6.09 

9.94 

Shoes,  calf  (women’s) 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs 

28.00 

28.07 

72.00 

67.35 

4.58 

Shoes,  children’s 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs 

45.45 

39.37 

52.73 

59.06 

1.82 

1.57 

Shoes,  children’s 

The  establishment, 

seventy -two  pairs  . 

55.00 

54.64 

45.00 

44.63 

0.73 

Shoes,  children’s 

The  establishment, 

thirty-three  hundred  pairs 

35.84 

36.96 

60.49 

62.37 

3.67 

0.67 

Shoes,  children’s 

The  establishment, 

one  case  . 

36.17 

27.68 

63.83 

69.00 

3.32 

14 


STATISTICS  OF  LABOR.  [Pub.  Doc 


BOOTS  AND  SHOES  — Continued. 


Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for  — 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Shoes,  children’s 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  cases  . 

43.20 

42.66 

56.80 

56.09 

1.25 

Shoes,  congress  . . . . 

The  establishment, 

two  dozen  pairs 

14.35 

28.44 

85.65 

71.56 

- 

Shoes,  congress  (buff) 

The  establishment, 

one  case  . 

32.00 

31.85 

68.00 

67.89 

0.26 

Shoes,  fine  (women’s) 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  and  fifty 
sand  pairs  . 

thou- 

31.38 

26.73 

68.62 

67.68 

5.59 

Shoes,  grain  (women’s) 

The  establishment, 

one  pair  . 

23.08 

21.58 

64.10 

77.14 

12.82 

1.28 

Shoes,  hand-sewed  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  pair  . 

40.48 

38.17 

49.78 

56.11 

9.74 

5.72 

Shoes,  heavy 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs 

20.26 

18.82 

79.74 

79.40 

1.78 

Shoes,  low  cut 

The  establishment, 

forty-eight  thousand  pairs  . 

39.07 

41.30 

53.02 

56.05 

7.91 

2.65 

Shoes,  men’s 

The  establishment, 

twenty-four  pairs  . 

17.40 

27.32 

72.00 

69.34 

10.60 

3.34 

Shoes,  men’s 

The  establishment, 

one  pair  . 

32.61 

29.95 

65.22 

65.34 

2.17 

4.71 

Shoes,  men’s 

The  establishment, 

one  pair  . 

40.00 

39.40 

60.00 

59.57 

1.03 

Shoes,  men’s 

The  establishment, 

twelve  pairs  . 

33.33 

39.55 

53.34 

59.84 

13.33 

0.61 

Shoes,  men’s 

The  establishment, 

five  hundred  pairs  . 

32.73 

36.08 

67.27 

62.44 

1.48 

Shoes,  men’s 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  cases 

22.45 

23.04 

77.55 

76.44 

0.52 

Shoes,  misses  and  children’s 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  and  seventy- 
five  thousand  pairs 

17.54 

31.71 

75.44 

66.07 

7.02 

2.22 

Shoes,  opera  (French  kid,  women’s)  . 
The  establishment, 

thirty-six  pairs 

35.71 

8.31 

64.29 

90.51 

1.18 

Shoes,  opera  (goat,  men’s) 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs 

30.11 

13.68 

69.54 

81.56 

0.35 

4.76 

Shoes,  opera  (kid)  .... 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs 

42.86 

14.68 

50.00 

84.03 

7.14 

.1.29 

Shoes,  opera  (kid,  women’s) 

The  establishment, 

thirty-six  pairs 

40.00 

12.06 

60.00 

85.17 

2.77 

Shoes,  opera  (kid,  women’s) 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs 

38.71 

20.51 

61.29 

78.62 

_ • 

0.87 

Shoes,  opera  (kid,  women’s) 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs 

35.90 

11.50 

64.10 

86.72 

1.78 

Shoes,  opera  (kid,  women’s) 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs 

46.15 

6.46 

53.85 

85.08 

8.46 

Shoes,  opera  (kid,  women’s) 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs 

34.88 

15.33 

65.12 

81.82 

2.85 

Shoes,  Oxford  tie  (Dongola,  men’s)  . 
The  establishment, 

twenty  four  pairs  . 

39.05 

37.80 

60.95 

59.64 

2.56 

Shoes,  Oxford  tie  (kid,  women’s) 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs 

31.37 

68.63 

93.61 

- 

Shoes,  Polish  (buff,  women’s)  . 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs 

25.61 

24.28 

47.44 

73.13 

26.92 

2.59 

Shoes,  Polish  (buff,  women’s)  . 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs 

30.00 

26.88 

70.00 

68.01 

5.11 

Shoes,  Polish  (calf,  pegged, women’s) 
The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs 

31.00 

16.31 

69.00 

80.72 

2.97 

Shoes,  Polish  (grain,  women’s)  . 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs 

23.23 

23.12 

76.77 

74.11 

2.77 

No.  15.]  WAGES:  COST  OF  PRODUCTION 


15 


BOOTS  AND  SHOES  — Continued. 


Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for  — 

Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Tifages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Shoes,  sewed 

The  establishment, 

twelve  pairs  .... 

41.03 

35.85 

51.28 

62.79 

7.69 

1.36 

Shoes,  tie  (kid,  women’s)  . 
The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs  .... 

30.83 

6.25 

69.17 

92.50 

1.25 

Shoes,  veal  calf  . 

The  establishment, 

twenty -four  pairs  . . 

33.14 

28.60 

1.43 

68.92 

65.43 

2.48 

Shoes,  veal  calf  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  cases 

21.42 

23.69 

78.58 

73.97 

2.34 

Shoes,  women’s  . 

The  establishment, 

one  pair 

27.10 

23.32 

72.90 

76.23 

0.45 

Shoes,  women’s  . 

The  establishment, 

thirty-six  pairs 

31.03 

23.11 

68.97 

75.58 

1.81 

Shoes,  women’s  . 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs  .... 

19.74 

25.10 

80.26 

73.11 

1.79 

Shoes,  women’s  . 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  and  eighty  thou- 
sand pairs  .... 

28.52 

31.98 

58.53 

65.62 

12.95 

2.40 

Shoes,  women’s  . 

The  establishment, 

one  case 

23.33 

21.29 

76.67 

78.22 

0.49 

Shoes,  women’s  . 

The  establishment, 

ten  cases  

32.71 

17.28 

67.29 

80.79 

1.93 

Slippers 

The  establishment, 

one  pair 

31.25 

30.35 

68.75 

69.65 

: 

Slippers,  .... 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs  .... 

41.02 

29.14 

53.85 

69.84 

5.13 

1.02 

Slippers,  .... 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs  .... 

38.30 

25.33 

61.70 

73.37 

1.30 

Slippers 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs  .... 

43.86 

32.28 

56.14 

67.72 

- 

Slippers,  .... 

The  establishment, 

ten  thousand  two  hundred 
pairs 

40.36 

40.96 

59.64 

57.00 

2.04 

Slippers,  .... 

The  establishment, 

one  case 

8.13 

8.64 

83.75 

89.10 

8.12 

2.26 

Slippers,  buckskin  (men’s) 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs  .... 

23.00 

20.47 

77.00 

77.57 

1.96 

Slippers,  carpet  . 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  and  fifty  thou- 
sand pairs  .... 

33.33 

34.75 

66.67 

56.-08 

9.17 

Slippers,  children’s 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs  .... 

50.00 

2.31 

50.00 

96.32 

1.37 

Slippers,  croquet  . 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  and  fifty  cases  . 

46.97 

46.05 

53.03 

52.05 

1.90 

Slippers,  goat  (men’s)  . 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs  .... 

33.33 

37.29 

66.67 

60.23 

2.48 

Slippers,  kid 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs  .... 

41.67 

30.52 

58.33 

64.67 

4.81 

Slippers,  kid  (women’s) 

The  establishment, 

one  pair 

28.00 

40.21 

72.00 

59.61 

0.18 

Slippers,  kid  (women’s) 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs  .... 

37.50 

23.78 

49.50 

74.64 

13.00 

1.58 

Slippers,  kid  (women’s) 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs  .... 

30.86 

12.26* 

69.14 

85.15 

2.59 

Slippers,  kid  (women’s)  . 
The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs  .... 

33.33 

10.69 

66.67 

87.82 

1.49 

Slippers,  kid  (women’s) 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs  .... 

42.12 

12.56 

57.88 

85.35 

2.09 

Slippers,  kid  (women’s) 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs  .... 

52.63 

11.57 

47.37 

86.50 

1.93 

16 


STATISTICS  OF  LABOR.  [Pub.  Doc 


BOOTS  AND  SHOES  — Concluded. 


Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for  — 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Slippers,  kid  (women’s) 

The  establishment. 

sixty  pairs  .... 

35.71 

3.26 

64.29 

96.15 

0.59 

Slippers,  kid  (women’s) 

The  establishment, 

one  case 

36.04 

8.13 

63.96 

90.06 

1.81 

Slippers,  sheepskin  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  dozen  pairs 

22.22 

47.05 

77.78 

50.34 

2.61 

Slippers,  velvet  (men’s) 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs  .... 

41.18 

30.88 

58.82 

65.13 

3.99 

Slippers,  women’s  .... 

The  establishment, 

one  pair  ..... 

34.00 

66.00 

100.00 

_ 

Slippers,  women’s  .... 

The  establishment, 

one  pair 

42.86 

52.62 

57.14 

46.71 

0.67 

Slippers,  women’s  .... 

The  establishment, 

twelve  pairs  .... 

35.71 

31.14 

64.29 

62.27 

6.59 

Slippers,  women’s  .... 

The  establishment, 

thirty-six  pairs 

39.22 

40.77 

60.78 

59.23 

- 

Slippers,  women’s  .... 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs  .... 

29.09 

33.62 

58.18 

66.38 

12.73 

Slippers,  women’s  .... 

Tne  establishment, 

one  hundred  pairs  . 

44.44 

45.14 

55.56 

54.86 

_ 

Soles 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  pairs 

5.26 

2.41 

94.74 

96.35 

1.24 

Soles 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  cases  . 

3.33 

2.67 

96.67 

92.82 

4.51 

Soles,  inner 

The  establishment, 

sixty  pairs  .... 

6.00 

15.93 

92.00 

84.07 

2.00 

Soles,  inner 

The  establishment, 

one  case 

19.05 

68.22 

80.95 

21.70 

10.08 

Soles,  inner 

The  establishment, 

one  case 

co  in 
o«  o 

CO  O 
CO  O 

50.00 

61.17 

2.94 

Soles,  inner 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  cases  . 

58.00 

52.87 

42.00 

45.89 

1.24 

Soles,  tap 

The  establishment, 

. twelve  hundred  pairs 

20.00 

19.80 

80.00 

72.79 

7.41 

Tips,  sole-leather 

Tne  establishment, 

ten  thousand  pairs  . 

5.11 

9.98 

94.45 

86.60 

0.44 

3.42 

Tips,  sole-leather 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  pairs 

14.54 

10.10 

83.64 

85.61 

1.82 

4.29 

W ax,*  . . . . . . 

The  establishment, 

one  barrel  .... 

33.25 

34.26 

59.00 

64.57 

7.75 

1.17 

BOXES  (PAPER  AND  WOODEN). 


Box-boards,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  feet  . . . 

18.75 

40.27 

81.25 

51.96 

7.77 

Boxes 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  feet  . 

36.14 

36.11 

63.86 

63.80 

0.09 

Boxes,  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  hundred  .... 

31.25 

46.04 

64.75 

30.19 

4.00 

23.77 

Boxes 

The  establishment, 

four  hundred  and  eighty-six  . 

25.51 

26.32 

51.02 

52.63 

23.47 

21.05 

Boxes 

The  establishment, 

five  hundred  and  twenty 

39.10 

51.19 

60.90 

46.88 

1.93 

Boxes 

Tlje  establishment, 

one  thousand  .... 

50.00 

34.75 

50.00 

50.96 

14.29 

Boxes,  .... 
The  establishment, 

ninety  thousand 

26.47 

25.72 

73.53 

71.64 

2.64 

No.  15.] 


WAGES:  COST  OF  PRODUCTION 


17 


BOXES  (PAPER  AND  WOODEN) —Continued. 


Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for— 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Boxes,  boot  and  shoe 

one  .... 

79.17 

20.83 

The  establishment, 

21.51 

77.72 

0.77 

Boxes,  boot  and  shoe 

one  .... 

30.77 

69.23 

_ 

The  establishment, 

26.85 

61.83 

11.32 

Boxes,  boot  and  shoe 

one  .... 

28.00 

72.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

17.63 

78.73 

3.64 

Boxes,  button-hook 

two  hundred  . 

25.00 

50.00 

25.00 

The  establishment, 

28.78 

71.22 

- 

Boxes,  cigar  . 

51.43 

48,57 

_ 

The  establishment, 

50.78 

49.22 

- 

Boxes,  locked  corner 

one  thousand  . 

41.38 

58.62 

_ 

The  establishment, 

42.70 

55.74 

1.56 

Boxes,  packing 

one  thousand  feet  . 

23.81 

76.19 

_ 

The  establishment, 

27.44 

70.28 

2.28 

Boxes,  packing 

one  thousand  feet  . 

24.14 

75.86 

_ 

The  establisnment, 

24.96 

74.89 

0.15 

Boxes,  packing 

one  .... 

25.00 

75.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

18.06 

81.94 

- 

Boxes,  packing 

ten  .... 

25.57 

73.29 

1.14 

The  establishment, 

27.08 

64.70 

8.22 

Boxes,  packing  . 

two  hundred  and  fifty 

12.25 

77.08 

10.67 

The  establishment, 

26.11 

63.08 

10.81 

Boxes,  packing 

fifteen  hundred 

20.00 

54.17 

25.83 

The  establishment, 

38.22 

60.42 

1.36 

Boxes,  packing  (for  straw  goods) 

one  thousand  feet  . 

35.00 

65.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

28.34 

67.80 

3.86 

Boxes,  packing  (jewellers’) 

one  thousand  . 

31.11 

62.22 

6.67 

The  establishment, 

62.61 

35.96 

1.43 

Boxes,  paper 

one  hundred  . 

25.00 

75.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

45.13 

34.92 

19.95 

Boxes,  paper 

one  hundred  . 

27.69 

33.85 

38.46 

The  establishment, 

6*2.89 

35.64 

1.47 

Boxes,  paper 

one  hundred  . 

26.67 

73.33 

_ 

The  establishment, 

47.58 

52.42 

- 

Boxes,  paper 

one  thousand  . 

76.92 

23.08 

_ 

The  establishment, 

49.75 

40.36 

9.89 

Boxes,  paper 

one  thousand  . 

12.94 

76.52 

10.54 

The  establishment, 

14.46 

62.10 

23.44 

Boxes,  paper 

one  thousand  . 

46.67 

53.33 

_ 

The  establishment, 

36.45 

60.23 

3.32 

Boxes,  paper 

one  thousand  . 

63.83 

36.17 

_ 

The  establishment, 

41.47 

46.89 

11.64 

Boxes,  paper 

one  thousand  . 

45.57 

50.63 

3.80 

The  establishment, 

40.54 

59.46 

- 

Boxes,  paper 

one  thousand  . 

45.46 

29.09 

25.45 

The  establishment, 

56.02 

. 35.86 

8.12 

Boxes,  paper 

one  thousand  . 

37.50 

62.50 

_ 

The  establishment, 

41.79 

54.29 

3.92 

Boxes,  paper 

four  thousand . 

44.44 

44.44 

11.12 

The  establishment, 

43.45 

47.39 

9.16 

Boxes,  paper 

one  hundred  and  sixty- 

four 

thousand,  three  hundred 

and  sixty-six 

55.11 

43.08 

1.81 

The  establishment, 

55.62 

43.47 

0.91 

Boxes,  paper 

seven  hundred  thousand 

21.95 

32.66 

45.39 

The  establishment, 

39.21 

58.35 

2.44 

Boxes,  shoe  . 

one  thousand  . 

30.00 

70.00 

The  establishment, 

• 37.81 

44.98 

17.21 

18 


STATISTICS  OF  LABOR.  [Pub.  Doc 


BOXES  (PAPER  AND  WOODEN)  — Concluded. 


Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for  — 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

.specified) 

Boxes, -shoe  . 

one  .... 

75.00 

25.00 

The  establishment, 

16.22 

83.78 

- 

Boxes,  shoe  . 

one  hundred  . 

25.00 

75.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

35.87 

60.45 

3.68 

Boxes,  shoe  . 

one  hundred  . 

40.00 

35.00 

25.00 

The  establishment, 

29.02 

53.21 

17.77 

Boxes,  shoe  . 

one  thousand  . 

35.00 

65.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

36.84 

63.16 

- ■ 

Boxes,  shoe  . 

one  thousand  . 

17.86 

76.43 

5.71 

The  establishment, 

23.67 

69.47 

6.86 

Boxes,  stove  polish 

one  hundred  . 

33.33 

66.67 

_ 

The  establishment, 

28.26 

68.30 

3.44 

Boxes,  wooden 

one  thousand  feet  . 

32.26 

67.74 

_ 

The  establishment, 

36,50 

62.04 

1.46 

Boxes,  wooden 

one  thousand  feet  ’. 

22.00 

72.00 

6.00 

The  establishment, 

36.55 

53.53 

9.92 

Boxes,  wooden 

one  thousand  feet  . 

36.84 

63.16 

_ 

The  establishment, 

19.01 

79.77 

1.22 

Boxes,  wooden 

one  hundred  . 

24.11 

75.89 

_ 

The  establishment, 

22.47 

74.07 

3.46 

Boxes,  wooden 

thirty-five  hundred 

30.83 

69.17 

_ 

The  establishment, 

30.83 

69.17 

- 

Cases,  boot  . 

one  hundred  . 

26.67 

73.33 

_ 

The  establishment, 

33.01 

66.02 

0.97' 

Cases,  dry  goods  . 

ten  .... 

9.23 

90.77 

- 

The  establishment, 

10.13 

88.61 

1.26 

Trunk  woods, 

one  hundred  dozen 

30.43 

43.48 

26.09  , 

The  establishment, 

37.12 

58.60 

. 4.28 

BRICK,  TILES,  AND  SEWER  PIPE. 


Brick,  .... 

one  thousand  . 

75.60 

24.40 

_ 

The  establishment, 

75.34 

24.38 

0.28 

Brick 

one  thousand  . 

63.64 

36.36 

_ 

The  establishment, 

34.87 

62.52 

2.61 

Brick,  .... 

one  thousand  . 

50.53 

14.52 

34.95 

The  establishment, 

59.60 

40.16 

0.24 

Brick,  .... 

one  thousand  . 

94.74 

5.26 

_ 

The  establishment. 

59.36 

40.64 

- 

Brick,  .... 

one  thousand  . 

60.00 

40.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

57.68 

39.34 

2.98 

Brick 

one  thousand  . 

55.24 

44.76 

_ 

The  establishment, 

46.01 

53.99 

- 

Brick,  .... 

one  thousand  . 

55.56 

44.44 

_ 

The  establishment, 

40.39 

32.01 

27.60 

Brick,  .... 

one  thousand  . 

80.77 

19.23 

- 

The  establishment, 

76.19 

23.81* 

- 

Brick,  .... 

one  thousand  . 

46.75 

35.00 

18.25 

The  establishment, 

55.45 

41.58 

2.97 

Brick,  .... 

one  thousand  . 

63.22 

36.78 

The  establishment, 

58.60 

33.70 

7.70 

Brick,  .... 

one  thousand  . 

1 

70.00 

30.00 

- 

The  establishment, 

68.97 

31.03 

- 

Brick,  .... 

one  thousand  . 

55.36 

44.64 

- 

The  establishment, 

54.29 

43.75 

1.96 

Brick,  .... 

one  thousand  . 

81.82 

18.18 

- 

The  establishment, 

83.33 

16.67 

No.  15.]  WAGES : COST  OF  PRODUCTION 


19 


BRICK,  TILES,  AND  SEWER  PIPE  — Concluded. 


Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Quantities 

Pei 
Total  C 

1 

Wages 

tCENTAGE 
OST  OF  l’K 

Paid  for 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

S OF 

EDUCTION 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Brick, 

one  thousand  .... 

60.00 

40.00 

The  establishment, 

71.34 

25.67 

2.99 

Brick, 

one  thousand  .... 

70.00 

30.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

76.64 

23.36 

- 

Brick, 

one  thousand  .... 

60.00 

40.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

63.46 

36.54 

- 

Brick, 

one  thousand  . 

42.22 

27.78 

30.00  ' 

The  establishment, 

67.04 

31.76 

1.20 

Brick, 

one  hundred  thousand  . 

50.00 

50.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

40.88 

54.37 

4.75 

Brick, 

one  hundred  thousand  . 

42.78 

11.67 

45.55 

The  establishment, 

36.03 

20.36 

43.61 

Brick, 

two  hundred  thousand  . 

91.88 

8.12 

_ 

The  establishment, 

91.88 

8.12 

- 

Brick, 

two  hundred  thousand  . 

92.01 

7.99 

_ 

The  establishment, 

88.82 

7.71 

3.47 

Brick, 

two  hundred  and  fifty  thou- 

sand   

62.50 

37.50 

_ 

The  establishment, 

62.50 

37.50 

- 

Brick, 

thirteen  hundred  thousand  . 

68.97 

20.69 

10.34 

The  establishment, 

67.95 

20.39 

11.66 

Brick 

fifteen  hundred  thousand 

75.06 

24.94 

_ 

The  establishment, 

75.06 

24.94 

- 

Brick, 

one  thousand  .... 

70.74 

29.26 

_ 

The  establishment, 

65.80 

32.89 

1.31 

Brick, 

one  thousand  .... 

64.35 

28.33 

7.32 

The  establishment, 

66.78 

29.48 

3.74 

Brick,  face 

one  thousand  .... 

45.84 

33.33 

20.83 

The  establishment, 

52.67 

47.33 

- 

Brick,  face 

one  thousand  .... 

65.00 

35.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

55.44 

42.07 

2.49 

Brick,  fire 

eight  hundred  and  thirty 

thousand  .... 

30.12 

36.20 

33.68 

The  establishment, 

33.27 

39.99 

26.74 

Brick,  red 

one  thousand  .... 

59.60 

20.11 

20.29 

The  establishment, 

74.25 

25.00 

0.75 

Pipe,  cement 

seventy-two  feet  . . 

31.25 

42.53 

26.22 

The  establishment, 

43.16 

55.22 

1.62 

Pipe,  drain 

one  hundred  feet  . 

50.00 

50.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

45.37 

54.45 

0.18 

Stone  (artificial)  and  pipe,  . 

48.16 

22.95 

28.89 

The  establishment, 

48.16 

22.95 

28.89 

BROOMS,  BRUSHES,  AND  MOPS. 


Brooms, 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

28.57 

29.09 

71.43 

69.83 

1.08 

Brooms, 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

41.67 

29.16 

58.33 

60.75 

10.09 

Brooms, 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

16.50 

18.87 

71.00 

81.13 

12.50 

Brooms, 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

15.56 

19.56 

84.44 

80.44 

- 

Brooms, 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

25.00 

37.83 

75.00 

59.93 

2.24 

Brooms, 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

27.91 

25.11 

71.16 

73.81 

0.93 

1.08 

20 


STATISTICS  OF  LABOR.  [Pub.  Doc 


BROOMS,  BRUSHES,  AND  MOPS  — Concluded. 


Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for — 

Wage's 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Brooms, 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

29.44 

29.14 

70.56 

69.48 

1.38 

Brooms, 

The  establishment, 

ten  dozen  .... 

28.57 

5.16 

71.43 

94.58 

0.26 

Brooms, 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  dozen 

37.14 

38.88 

58.29 

61.02 

4.57 

0.10 

Brooms, 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  .... 

33.31 

31.95 

66.69 

67.84 

0.21 

Brooms,  corn 

The  establishment, 

twenty -five  dozen  . 

25.71 

20.43 

74.29 

73.90 

5.67 

Brushes,  cylinder  .... 

The  establishment, 

three  hundred  and  thirty 

12.12 

25.65 

30.30 

68.83 

57.58 

5.52 

Bi’ushes,  jewellers’  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  hundred  and  fifty  gross  . 

17.70 

48.18 

82.30 

47.22 

4.60 

Brushes,  tooth 

The  establishment, 

one  gross . . 

76.95 

46.80 

23.05 

29.90 

23.30 

Brushes,  tooth  . . . 

The  establishment, 

one  gross 

37.50 

52.80 

62.50 

42.24 

4.96 

BUILDING. 


Brick 

one  thousand  . 

63.16 

36.84 

The  establishment, 

60.49 

37.45 

2.06 

Bridges,  railroad  (iron) 

four  million,  two 

hundred 

and  forty  thousand  pounds 

26.14 

59.26 

14.60 

The  establishment, 

28.05 

63.59 

8.36 

Doors 

two  .... 

72.41 

27.59 

_ 

The  establishment, 

35.84 

51.61 

12.55 

Doors,  .... 

one  hundred  . 

50.00 

50.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

33.33 

66.67 

- 

Doors,  .... 

one  hundred  . 

25.00 

75.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

35.57 

54.34 

10.09 

Doors 

one  hundred  . 

58.33 

41.67 

- 

The  establishment, 

26.48 

31.25 

42.27 

Earth  closets, 

one  .... 

40.00 

60.00 

The  establishment, 

28.57 

71.43 

- 

Fireproof  blocks, . 

one  thousand  feet  . 

45.71 

54.29 

- 

The  establishment, 

56.39 

32.91 

10.70 

Flooring,  wood  (mosaic) 

one  square  foot 

. •. 

47.83 

17.39 

34.78 

The  establishment, 

41.99 

25 .41 

32.60 

Foundations,  brick 

one  thousand  . 

41.18 

58.82 

- 

The  establishment, 

46.39 

51.18 

2.43 

Houses 

one  . . . . 

36.11 

63.89 

- 

The  establishment, 

36.93 

63.07 

- 

Houses,  cottage  . 

41.50 

58.50 

- 

The  establishment, 

29.33 

70.67 

- 

Houses,  cottage  . 

one  . . . . 

13.33 

86.67 

- 

The  establishment, 

42.15 

57.85 

- 

Lathing  and  plastering, 

one  hundred  yards . 

52.82 

47.18 

- 

The  establishment, 

60.39 

39.61 

- 

Masonry, 

one  perch 

38.46 

61.54 

- 

The  establishment, 

65.22 

34.78 

- 

Moulding, 

one  thousand  feet  . 

28.57 

71.43 

- 

The  establishment, 

48.20 

48.33 

3.47 

Moulding, 

one  thousand  feet  . 

30.77 

69.23 

- 

The  establishment, 

26.37 

59.90 

13.73 

Moulding, 

one  thousand  feet  . 

21.43 

78.57 

- 

The  establishment, 

32.81 

64.27 

2.92 

Moulding,  pine 

one  thousand  feet  . 

20.00 

80.00 

- 

The  establishment, 

41.38 

54.53 

4.09 

No.  15. J WAGES:  COST  OF  PRODUCTION 


21 


BUILDING  — Concluded. 


Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for— 

Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Painting,  house  . 
The  establishment, 

one 

75.00 

73.57 

25.00 

24.52 

1.91 

Painting,  house  . 
The  establishment, 

one  hundred  yards . 

60.00 

50.00 

40.00 

50.00 

- 

Painting,  sign 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  and  thirty  signs 

76.92 

62.78 

23.08 

30.85 

6.37 

Painting  and  glazing, 
The  establishment, 

ten  houses  .... 

44.44 

70.42 

55.56 

20.60 

8.98 

Paints,  roof  . 

The  establishment, 

one  gallon  .... 

13.33 

68.25 

86.67 

29.07 

2.68 

Pipe,  cement 

The  establishment, 

one  foot 

40.00 

19.54 

60.00 

36.92 

43.54 

Pitch,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  and  twenty-five 
barrels 

14.29 

11.49 

71.43 

80.40 

14.28 

8.11 

Refrigerators, 

The  establishment, 

one 

50.00 

67.62 

50.00 

32.38 

- 

Roofing,  gravel 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  feet  . 

16.81 

16.61 

0.33 

81.62 

82.86 

1.77 

Roofing,  gravel 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  square  feet 

11.11 

37.28 

88.89 

61.39 

1.33 

Roofing,  slate 

The  establishment, 

twenty  squares 

25.00 

38.22 

75.00 

61.78 

_ 

Sashes  and  blinds, 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  and  fifty  blinds ; 
one  hundred  window  sashes 

43.48 

37.07 

47.83 

60.77 

8.69 

2.16 

Signs,  . 

The  establishment, 

one 

60.00 

27.03 

40.00 

45.94 

27.03 

Signs,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  .... 

75.00 

55.46 

25.00 

44.54 

- 

Skylights,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  square  feet 

50.00 

30.98 

50.00 

62.44 

6.58 

Stair  posts,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

62.50 

24.18 

37.50 

66.15 

9.67 

Stair  rails, 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  feet  . 

19.35 

56.52 

80.65 

36.46 

7.02 

Stairs,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  flight  .... 

56.29 

50.59 

43.71 

39.29 

10.12 

Windows, 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  . ' 

13.79 

38.66 

86.21 

57.07 

4.27 

BURIAL  CASES,  CASKETS,  COFFINS,  ETC. 


Burial  cases, 

The  establishment, 

one 

55.88 

67.72 

44.12 

32.28 

Burial  cases,  cement  .... 
The  establishment, 

one 

40.00 

57.07 

60.00 

36.68 

6.25 

Coffin  ornaments,  .... 

The  establishment, 

one  gross ..... 

40.00 

38.46 

60.00 

53.74 

7.80 

Coffins  and  caskets,  .... 
The  establishment, 

two  hundred  .... 

30.85 

42.51 

69.15 

47.99 

9.50 

BUTTONS  AND  DRESS  TRIMMINGS. 


Braid,  linen 

The  establishment, 

ten  thousand  yards 

33.33 

35.20 

57.14 

58.60 

9.53 

6.20 

Braid,  silk  and  mohair 

The  establishment, 

one  gross 

16.11 

10.26 

83.89 

79.34 

10.40 

22 


STATISTICS  OF  LABOR.  [Pub.  Doc 


BUTTONS  AND  DRESS  TRIMMINGS  — Concluded. 


Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for — 

Wages 

Raw 
Ma- . 
terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Buttons,  cloth-covered 

The  establishment, 

one  gross 

21.62 

22.59 

56.76 

72.94 

21.62 

4.47 

Buttons,  cloth-covered 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  gross  . 

28.07 

29.51 

19.30 

18.71 

52.63 

51.78 

Buttons,  ivory  ..... 
The  establishment, 

one  hundred  gross  . 

59.70 

48.21 

17.91 

32.76 

22.39 

19.03 

Buttons,  metal 

The  establishment, 

twenty-six  thousand  and 
forty-eight  gross  . 

55.16 

46.31 

38.83 

37.84 

6.01 

15.85 

Buttons,  pearl 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  gross  . 

76.92 

59.76 

9.62 

26.35 

13.46 

13.89 

CARPETINGS. 


Carpeting 

The  establishment, 

one  yard 

18.99 

20.12 

81.01 

74.91 

4.97 

Carpeting, 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  yards 

29.05 

24.26 

70.95 

72.96 

2.78 

Carpeting,  Brussels  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  yard 

17.05 

16.19 

82.95 

78.43 

5.38 

Carpeting,  ingrain  .... 

The  establishment, 

one  roll 

31.01 

28.77 

68.99 

66.79 

4.44 

Carpeting,  tapestry  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  yard 

25.81 

28.66 

74.19 

67.00 

4.34 

Cloth,  enamelled 

The  establishment, 

five  hundred  and  fifty-four 
thousand,  six  hundred  and 
eight  yards  .... 

11.17 

11.05 

75.51 

82.15 

13.32 

6.80 

Mats,  brush 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

60.00 

66.20 

40.00 

30.49 

3.31 

Mats,  brush  (cocoa)  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  thousand  square  feet 

58.62 

30.93 

41.38 

48.74 

20.33 

Mats,  chain-loop 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  square  feet 

38.46 

29.23 

42.31 

63.61 

19.23 

7.16 

Oakum,  cotton 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pounds 

10.00 

5.62 

83.33 

94.38 

6.67 

CARRIAGES  AND  WAGONS. 


Axles,  carriage 

The  establishment, 

ten  sets  . 

33.33 

31.30 

66.67 

57.00 

11.70 

Axles,  carriage 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

38.89 

27.79 

61.11 

64.97 

7.24 

Bodies,  Goddard  buggy 

The  establishment, 

one  .... 

75.86 

78.11 

13.79 

15.47 

10.35 

6.42 

Bodies,  wagon 

The  establishment, 

one  .... 

66.67 

65.57 

33.33 

27.46 

6.97 

Buggies,  Concord  .... 

The  establishment, 

one  .... 

47.62 

50.47 

52.38 

44.35 

5.18 

Buggies,  Goddard  .... 

The  establishment, 

one  .... 

40.00 

58.07 

60.00 

33.06 

8.87 

Buggies,  top  

The  establishment, 

55.00 

54.26 

45.00 

34.80 

10.94 

Buggies,  top 

The  establishment, 

31.67 

21.87 

68.33 

64.39 

13.74 

Cabs,  ....... 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  . 

• 

50.00 

48.84 

31.25 

51.16 

18.75 

No.  15.]  WAGES:  COST  OF  PRODUCTION 


23 


CARRIAGES  AND  WAGONS  — Continued. 


Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for — 


Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Quantities 

Wages 

ltaw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Cabriolets,  extension-top  . 

The  establishment, 

one  . 

28.24 

35.11 

71.76 

62.59 

2.30 

Carriages, 

The  establishment, 

one  . 

50.00 

52.86 

50.00 

38.51 

8.63 

Carriages 

The  establishment, 

one  . 

50.00 

63.64 

50.00 

36.36 

- 

Carriages, 

The  establishment, 

one  . 

40.00 

49.49 

60.00 

47.85 

2.66 

Carriages 

The  establishment, 

one  . 

44.44 

54.42 

55.56 

44.42 

1.16 

Carriages, 

The  establishment, 

one  . 

33.14 

29.36 

62.86 

70.64 

4.00 

Carriages, 

The  establishment, 

one  . 

43.33 

47.24 

56.67 

51.79 

0.97 

Carriages 

The  establishment, 

one  . 

49.71 

57.97 

50.29 

34.78 

7.25 

Carriages, 

The  establishment, 

one  . 

74.67 

87.42 

25.33 

12.58 

- 

Carriages, 

The  establishment, 

one  . 

40.00 

45.50 

40.00 

54.50 

20.00 

Carriages, 

The  establishment, 

twenty-five 

50.00 

58.07 

50.00 

34.19 

7.74 

Carriages, 

The  establishment, 

fifty  . 

42.86 

56.68 

57.14 

41.07 

2.25 

Carriages 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred 

15.00 

15.46 

40.00 

84.54 

45.00 

Carts,  delivery 

The  establishment, 

one  . 

44.25 

50.30 

55.75 

35.42 

14.28 

Coaches, 

The  establishment, 

one  . 

38.35 

55.08 

61.65 

42.58 

2.34 

Herdics, 

The  establishment, 

one  . 

66.67 

85.31 

33.33 

6.41 

8.28 

Hub  caps  (for  baby  carriages),  . 

The  establishment, 

one  pair 

34.29 

33.37 

57.14 

66.63 

8.57 

Wagons, 

The  establishment, 

one  . 

63.00 

52.22 

37.00 

47.00 

0.78 

Wagons, 

The  establishment, 

one  . 

50.00 

53.41 

50.00 

40.05 

6.54 

Wagons,  . . . •. 

The  establishment, 

one  . 

44.44 

62.83 

55.56 

37.17 

- 

Wagons, 

The  establishment, 

one  . 

66.67 

38.39 

33.33 

48.50 

13.11  ' 

Wagons, 

The  establishment, 

one  . 

66.67 

62.05 

33.33 

37.61 

0.34 

Wagons, 

The  establishment, 

one  . 

50.00 

59.63 

50.00 

34.34 

6.03 

Wagons,  business  .... 

The  establishment, 

ten  . 

45.00 

29.34 

45.00 

67.85 

10.00 

2.81 

Wagons,  butcher 

The  establishment, 

one  . 

49.66 

54.26 

13.10 

42.70 

37.24 

3.04 

Wagons,  express 

The  establishment, 

one  . 

64.52 

32.26 

97.56 

3.22 

2.44 

Wagons,  express 

The  establishment, 

one  . 

25  .DO 
35.29 

35.00 

44.24 

40.00 

20.47 

Wagons,  hose 

The  establishment, 

one  . 

78.67 

52.60 

21.33 

38.96 

8.44 

Wagons,  ice 

The  establishment, 

one  . 

48.00 

32.85 

52.00 

63.08 

4.07 

Wheels,  carriage 

The  establishment, 

one  set 

33.33 

30.57 

66.67 

50.96 

18.47 

24 


STATISTICS  OF  LABOR.  [Pub.  Doc 


CARRIAGES  AND  WAGONS  — Concluded. 


Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for  — 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Woodwork,  carriage  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  piece 

57.14 

61.35 

42.86 

37.01 

1.64 

Woodwork,  grocery  wagon 

The  establishment, 

one 

57.50 

66.96 

42.50 

23.73 

9.31 

CEMENT,  KAOLIN,  LIME,  AND  PLASTER. 


Cement,  elastic 

The  establishment, 

one  ton 

50.00 
27  ..79 

50.00 

71.21 

1.00 

Flint 

The  establishment, 

one  ton 

45.83 

31.76 

54.17 

36.40 

31.84 

Lime 

The  establishment, 

one  barrel  .... 

31.43 

36.09 

57.14 

63.91 

11.43 

Lime, 

The  establishment, 

one  barrel  .... 

22.40 

19.45 

77.60 

79.94 

0.61 

Lime, 

The  establishment, 

ten  thousand  barrels 

27.03 

27.03 

72.97 

72.97 

_ 

Lime, 

The  establishment, 

one  ton 

21.88 

40.31 

78.12 

57.02 

2.67 

CHEMICAL  PREPARATIONS  (COMPOUNDED). 


Disinfectants, 

one  thousand  gallons 

4.76 

95.24 

. 

The  establishment, 

9.27 

90.73 

CLOCKS  AND  WATCHES. 


Mantel  clocks, 

. . . one  hundred  clocks 

50.00 

10.00 

40.00 

The  establishment, 

77.06 

7.54 

15.40 

CLOTHING. 


Bonnets, 

one  . 

20.00 

80.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

10.15 

79.28 

10.57 

Bows,  .... 

one  dozen 

18.18 

81.82 

_ 

The  establishment, 

19.47 

77.89 

2.64 

Chemises,  women’s 

one  dozen 

24.00 

76.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

31.85 

53.16 

14.99 

Cloaks,  .... 

one  . 

25.00 

75.00 

The  establishment, 

23.08 

76.92 

- 

Clothing, 

one  coat  . 

40.00 

40.00 

20.00 

The  establishment, 

42.51 

38.12 

19.37 

Clothing, 

one  suit  . 

34.78 

65.22 

- 

The  establishment, 

34.27 

65.62 

0.11 

Clothing, 

one  suit  . 

39.29 

60.71 

- 

The  establishment, 

43.56 

50.81 

5.63 

Clothing, 

one  suit  . 

30.77 

69.23 

_ 

The  establishment, 

41.09 

58.91 

- 

Clothing, 

one  suit  . 

38.64 

61.36 

- 

The  establishment, 

25.59 

74.41 

- 

Clothing, 

one  suit  . 

36.00 

64.00 

- 

The  establishment, 

53.10 

46.90 

- 

Clothing, 

. 

one  suit  . 

31.85 

55.56 

12.59 

The  establishment, 

30.58 

55.58 

13.84 

No.  15.]  WAGES:  COST  OF  PRODUCTION 


25 


CLOTHING  — Continued. 


Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for— 

Names  of  Articles 

ETC. 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Clothing, 

The  establishment, 

one  suit  . 

38.46 

36.77 

51.28 

61.60 

10.26 

1.63 

Clothing, 

The  establishment, 

one  suit  . 

50.00 

33.79 

50.00 

65.83 

0.38 

Clothing, 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  suits  . 

37.50 

38.26 

53.13 

54.21 

9.37 

7.53 

Clothing,  custom  . 
The  establishment, 

one  suit  . 

35.03 

31.72 

64.97 

60.21 

8.07 

Clothing,  men’s  . 
The  establishment, 

one  suit  . 

30.91 

48.37 

49.09 

49.81 

20.00 

1.82 

Clothing,  oiled 

The  establishment, 

one  piece 

30.00 

44.36 

70.00 

46.06 

9.58 

Clothing,  oiled 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pieces 

52.00 

43.55 

26.67 

54.30 

21.33 

2.15 

Coats,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  .... 

16.29 

11.62 

83.71 

83.01 

5.37 

Corsets  and  waists, 
The  establishment, 

one  dozen 

44.13 

38.93 

46.31 

38.78 

9.56 

22.29 

Dresses, 

The  establishment, 

one  .... 

20.00 

23.08 

80.00 

62.13 

14.79 

Dresses,  silk 

The  establishment, 

eighteen  . 

10.87 

20.45 

89.13 

74.10 

5.45 

Dresses,  woollen  . 
The  establishment, 

• • 

one  .... 

71.43 

19.47 

28.57 

76.64 

3.89 

Hat  bodies,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen 

48.61 

40.63 

51.39 

54.18 

5.19 

Hats, 

The  establishment, 

one  .... 

20.00 

15.00 

80.00 

70.00 

15.00 

Hats, 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen 

45.56 

45.93 

50.00 

31.05 

4.44 

23.02 

Hats,  bonnets,  etc., 
The  establishment, 

13.04 

6.42 

86.96 

64.18 

29.40 

Hats,  wool  . 

The  establishment, 

twenty -nine  thousand,  three 
hundred  and  five  dozen 

32.43 

31.47 

66.65 

64.67 

0.92 

3.86 

Hats,  wool  . 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen 

28.57 

27.48 

71.43 

70.95 

1.57 

Hats,  wool  . 

The  establishment, 

*. 

one  hundred  dozen 

33.24 

34.38 

33.52 

61.37 

33.24 

4.25 

Hats,  wool  . 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  dozen 

25.57 

30.93 

51.43 

61.94 

23.00 

7.13 

Muffs,  beaver 

The  establishment, 

twenty-four  . 

13.45 

16.11 

86.55 

81.72 

2.17 

Overalls,  duck 

The  establishment, 

fifty  dozen 

30.31 

26.25 

69.69 

61.97 

11.78 

Overalls,  men’s  . 
The  establishment, 

one  pair  . 

17.39 

16.93 

82.61 

80.41 

2.66 

Pantaloons,  . 

The  establishment, 

fifty  pairs 

16.42 

5.57 

78.47 

92.21 

5.11 

2.22 

Pantaloons,  . 

The  establishment, 

eighty-three  hundred  pairs 

7.47 

7.11 

63.60 

81.50 

28.93 

11.39 

Roses,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  gross . 

40.44 

50.16 

59.56 

49.84 

_ 

Rufflings, 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  boxes 

20.00 

14.70 

60.00 

72.63 

20.00 

12.67 

Sacks,  sealskin 

The  establishment, 

one  .... 

26.04 

32.18 

73.'96 

66.67 

1.15 

Sacks,  sealskin 

The  establishment, 

one  .... 

* 

12.12 

13.93 

87.88 

78.64 

7.43 

26 


STATISTICS  OF  LABOR.  [Pub.  Doc 


CLOTHING  — Concluded. 


Names  of  Article's,  etc. 

Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for  — 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Shirts,  . 

one  dozen 

38.33 

61.67 

The  establishment, 

51.97 

48.03 

- 

Shirts,  . 

one  dozen 

50.00 

50.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

35.02 

47.37 

17.61 

Shirts,  . 

one  dozen 

37.67 

51.62 

10.71 

The  establishment, 

39.52 

56.12 

4.36 

Shirts,  custom 

one  dozen 

69.10 

30.90 

_ 

The  establishment, 

68.44 

27.17 

4.39 

Shirts,  custom 

one  dozen 

56.76 

43.24 

_ 

The  establishment, 

31.72 

49.32* 

18.96 

Shirts  (fine), 

one  dozen 

30.91 

69.09 

_ 

The  establishment, 

24.08 

67.34 

8.58 

Suits, 

one  .... 

42.86 

57.14 

_ 

The  establishment, 

1.79 

93.38 

4.83 

Suits, 

one  .... 

40.00 

60.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

39.39 

59.08 

1.53 

Suits, 

one  hundred  . 

31.11 

68.89 

_ 

The  establishment, 

13.19 

85.94 

0.87 

Suits, 

one  .... 

34.78 

56.52 

8.70 

The  establishment, 

44.83 

42.09 

13.08 

Suits, 

one  .... 

46.88 

53.12 

_ 

The  establishment, 

43.68 

51.28 

5.04 

Suits,  dress  . 

one  .... 

31.82 

68.18 

_ 

The  establishment, 

46.60 

50.62 

2.78 

Suits,  men’s  . 

one  .... 

40.00 

60.00 

- 

The  establishment, 

37.95 

40.25 

21.80 

Supporters,  hose  . 

one  gross . 

28.69 

57.38 

13.93 

The  establishment, 

20.14 

75.12 

4.74 

Suspenders,  . 

ten  dozen  pairs 

33.00 

67.00 

- 

The  establishment, 

22.51 

61.54 

15.95 

Suspenders,  . 

one  dozen  pairs 

30.40 

69.60 

- 

The  establishment, 

29.31 

69.38 

1.31 

Suspenders,  . 

one  hundred  dozen  pairs 

30.30 

60.02 

9.68 

The  establishment, 

33.37 

61.95 

4.68 

Suspenders  (trimmings  for), 

one  set 

45.83 

54.17 

- 

The  establishment, 

82.17 

17.83 

- 

Umbrellas,  . 

one  hundred  . 

15.11 

84.89 

_ 

The  establishment, 

• 

10.77 

82.64 

6.59 

Waists,  . 

one  dozen 

47.58 

48.39 

4.03 

The  establishment, 

15.73 

71.95 

12.32 

Wrappers,  calico  . 

one  dozen 

22.22 

77.78 

_ 

The  establishment, 

20.46 

77.19 

2.35 

Wrappers,  women’s 

one  hundred  dozen 

25.00 

70.00 

5.00* 

The  establishment, 

25.13 

67.42 

7.45 

CONCRETE 

WALKS,  PAYING, 

ETC. 

Concrete, 

one  hundred  yards . 

70.00 

30.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

80.55 

19.45 

- 

Sidewalks  and  driveways,  . 

one  hundred  yards . 

57.14 

42.86 

- 

The  establishment, 

65.26 

33.20 

1.54 

.COOKING,  LIGHTING,  AND  HEATING  APPARATUS. 


Fire-brick, 

one  thousand  .... 

35.35 

51.72 

12.93 

The  establishment, 

53.77 

33.48 

12.75 

No.  15.]  WAGES:  COST  OF  PRODUCTION.  27 


COOKING,  LIGHTING,  AND  HEATING  APPARATUS  — Concluded. 


Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for— 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Furnaces,  hot-air  . . 

The^stablishment, 

two  hundred  .... 

48.13 

42.22 

50.31 

34.96 

1.56 

22.82 

Furnaces,  house 

The  establishment, 

one  ton 

50.00 

49.32 

50.00 

43.99 

6.69 

Lanterns, 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

41.67 

49.68 

58.33 

42.90 

7.42 

Linings,  stove 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  sets  . 

70.59 

46.68 

29.41 

44.82 

8.50 

Linings,  stove 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  sets  . 

37.50 

37.44 

37.50 

42.27 

25.00 

20.29 

Linings,  stove 

The  establishment, 

one  ton 

73.68 

35.27 

22.37 

47.77 

3.95 

16.96 

Ranges 

The  establishment, 

one 

66.67 

62.70 

33.33 

33.56 

3.74 

Ranges,  portable 

The  establishment, 

one  ton 

52.71 

59.47 

47.29 

36.39 

4.14 

Reflectors, 

The  establishment, 

one 

40.00 

42.63 

10.00 

21.67 

50.00 

35.70 

Registers,  hot-air 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  .... 

21.43 

20.39 

78.57 

76.48 

3.13 

Repairing  stoves,  .... 

The  establishment, 

40.00 

66.37 

60.00 

32.43 

1.20 

Stoves, 

The  establishment, 

one  ton 

80.95 

45.45 

19.05 

49.74 

4.81 

Stoves  and  ranges 

The  establishment, 

Stoves  and  ranges,  .... 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pounds 

five  thousand,  two  hundred 
and  fifty  .... 

50.00 

64.61 

51.71 

51.71 

50.00 

27.90 

44.85 

44.85 

7.49 

3.44 

3.44 

Stoves,  parlor 

The  establishment, 

one 

33.33 

56.33 

66.67 

42.51 

1.16 

1 

CORDAGE  AND  TWINE. 


Cordage, 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  pounds 

14.29 

9.78 

85.71 

82.34 

7.88 

Cordage,  manila 

The  establishment, 

one  pound  .... 

8.74 

8.08 

91.26 

87.79 

4.13 

Cord  and  lines,  sash  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  thousand  pounds 

13.43 

26.12 

78.70 

72.22 

7.87 

1.66 

Cord,  window 

The  establishment, 

one  pound  .... 

24.29 

20.80 

58.93 

66.65 

16.78 

12.55 

Lines,  

The  establishment, 

twenty-five  thousand  pounds 

25.80 

28.84 

49.44 

55.67 

24.76 

15.49 

Lines  and  nets, 

The  establishment, 

seven  hundred  yards 

53.33 

51.55 

46.67 

48.12 

0.33 

Rope,  manila 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  pounds 

9.46 

14.45 

85.15 

78.47 

5.39 

7.08 

Rope,  manila 

The  establishment, 

twjenty  thousand  pounds 

12.12 

12.70 

85.86 

78.24 

2.02 

9.06 

TwiDe, 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pounds 

23.08 

36.32 

76.92 

40.84 

22.84 

Twine,  binder 

The  establishment, 

one  pound  .... 

7.69 

8.14 

92.31 

82.56 

9.30 

Twine,  linen 

The  establishment, 

ten  pounds  .... 

22.73 

34.87 

68.18 

63.62 

9.09 

1.51 

28 


STATISTICS  OF  LABOR.  [Pub.  Doc 


COTTON  GOODS. 


Quantities 

Percentages  of 

Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for  — 

Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Blankets,  cotton  . 
The  establishment, 

ten  cases  

20.88 

27.60 

52.94 

63.58 

26.18 

8#.82 

Cloth,  cotton 

The  establishment. 

one,  pound  .... 

23.06 

25.81 

76.94 

71.94 

2.25 

Cloth,  cotton 

The  establishment. 

one  pound  .... 

56.29 

36.84 

43.71 

50.72 

12.44 

Cloth,  cotton 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  thousand  yards 

17.97 

21.47 

68.20 

74.87 

13.83 

3.66 

Cloth,  cotton 

The  establishment, 

one  pound  .... 

24.46 

28.69 

63.34 

65.63 

12.20 

5.68 

Cloth,  cotton 

The  establishment, 

one  pound  .... 

30.00 

32.12 

58.00 

59.55 

12.00 

8.33 

Cloth,  cotton 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  and  seventy-six 
thousand,  four  hundred 
and  fifty  pounds  . 

28.07 

28.55 

71.93 

59.04 

12.41 

Cloth,  cotton 

The  establishment, 

eight  hundred  and  fifty-two 
thousand,  four  hundred 
and  ninety -two  pounds 

31.65 

33.72 

54.36 

60.49 

13.99 

5.79 

Cloth,  unbleached 

The  establishment, 

five  thousand  pounds 

34.61 

27.89 

53.84 

61.37 

11.55 

10.74 

Cotton,  fancy 

The  establishment, 

one  pound  .... 

39.97 

44.81 

60.03 

49.62 

5.57 

Cotton  goods, 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  yards 

34.67 

33.27 

44.00 

61.47 

21.33 

5.26 

Cotton  goods, 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  yards 

22.89 

35.42 

51.81 

61.42 

25.30 

3.16 

Cotton  goods, 

The  establishment, 

one  yard 

31.04 

33.04 

51.72 

53.05 

17.24 

13.91 

Cotton  goods,  colored 
The  establishment, 

one  pound  .... 

36.42 

35.12 

63.58 

60.24 

4.64 

Denim,  blue  . 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  yards 

25.58 

29.78 

60.51 

65.42 

13.91 

4.80 

Dress  goods,  cotton 
The  establishment, 

one  yard 

41.67 

31.83 

50.00 

53.34 

8.33 

14.83 

Duck,  belting 

The  establishment, 

seven  thousand,  nine  hundred 
and  eighty  yards 

19.36 

21.32 

69.41 

76.88 

11.23 

1.80 

Duck,  cotton 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  yards 

21.05 

24.55 

73.69 

5.26 

5.71 

Duck,  cotton 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  pounds 

25.21 

23.12 

74.79 

71.99 

4.89 

Flannel  and  sheeting, 

The  establishment, 

cotton 

one  million,  nine  hundred  and 
thirty-one  thousand,  two 
hundred  and  seven  pounds 

18.46 

27.53 

59.72 

64.33 

21.82 

8.14 

Gingham, 

The  establishment, 

one  yard 

28.57 

37.46 

71.43 

58.89 

3.65 

Gingham, 

The  establishment, 

one  pound  .... 

42.82 

44.09 

50.12 

45.16 

7.06 

10.75 

Gingham,  fancy  . 
The  establishment, 

one  hundred  yards 

38.56 

42.23 

43.96 

54.31 

17.48 

3.46 

Jean,  cotton  . 

The  establishment, 

ten  thousand  yards 

31.45 

31.69 

53.14 

65.22 

15.41 

3.09 

Lace,  bed 

The  establishment, 

five  thousand  gross  yards 

26.32 

44.03 

68.42 

49.38 

5.26 

6.59 

Nainsook, 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  yards 

40.91 

44.49 

45.45 

48.43 

13.64 

7.08 

Print  cloth,  . 

The  establishment, 

ten  thousand  pounds 

31.16 

32.47 

68.84 

62.70 

4.83 

No.  15.]  WAGES:  COST  OF  PRODUCTION, 


29 


COTTON  GOODS  — Continued. 


Percentages  of 

Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for  — 

js  A5IES  of  Articles,  etc. 

Quantities 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Print  cloth,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  pounds 

39.89 

28.70 

60.11 

66.90 

4.40 

Print  cloth,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  yard 

28.79 

28.72 

58.22 

61.03 

12.99 

10.25 

Print  cloth,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  yard 

29.09 

26.95 

54.55 

67.03 

16.36 

6.02 

Print  cloth,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  yard 

20.00 

32.77 

40.00 

62.29 

40.00 

4.94 

Print  cloth,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  yard 

32.26 

63.17 

65.57 

34.28 

2.17 

2.55 

Print  cloth,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  yards 

29.44 

27.27 

60.80 

65.10 

9.76 

7.63 

Print  cloth,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  thousand  yards 

30.75 

29.32 

62.22 

63.41 

7.03 

7.27 

Print  cloth,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  pound  .... 

31.14 

30.30 

45.82 

64.79 

23.04 

4.91 

Print  cloth,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  pound  .... 

30.01 

27.34 

69.99 

70.94 

1.72 

Print  cloth,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  pound  .... 

32.24 

30.75 

67.76 

62.42 

6.83 

Print  cloth,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  pound  .... 

28.87 

25.84 

71.13 

72.50 

1.66 

Print  cloth,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  pound  .... 

28.57 

29.96 

61.91 

61.96 

9.52 

8.08 

Print  cloth,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  pound  .... 

31.94 

31.35 

48.39 

61.66 

19.67 

6.99 

Print  cloth,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  pounds 

27.11 

26.69 

67.56 

65.24 

5.33 

8.07 

Print  cloth,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  pounds 

28.86 

28.59 

56.45 

65.55 

14.69 

5.86 

Print  cloth,  . 

The  establishment, 

forty-five  thousand  pounds  . 

28.57 

27.27 

71.43 

67.12 

5.61 

Print  cloth,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  thousand  pounds 

28.67 

28.77 

57.03 

69.14 

14.30 

2.09 

Print  cloth,  . 

The  establishment, 

four  hundred  and  forty-six 
thousand,  five  hundred  and 
fifteen  pounds 

30.99 

26.71 

56.12 

68.59 

12.89 

4.70 

Print  cloth,  . 

The  establishment, 

three  million,  six  hundred 
and  twenty-six  thousand, 
two  hundred  and  seventy- 
four  pounds 

30.39 

21.45 

58.08 

67.43 

11.53 

11.12 

Print  cloth,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  yard 

30.94 

29.91 

59.06 

59.34 

10.00 

10.75 

Print  cloth,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  yard 

29.56 

31.57 

57.55 

63.67 

12.89 

4.76 

Print  cloth,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pounds 

27.11 

27.15 

60.00 

66.48 

12.89 

6.37 

Print  cloth,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  thousand  pounds 

28.23 

26.92 

71.77 

67.60 

5.48 

Scrim,  cotton 

The  establishment, 

fifty  pieces  .... 

26.47 

27.18 

73.53 

67.21 

5.61 

Sheeting, 

The  establishment, 

three  hundred  thousand 
pounds  

19.54 

26.87 

45.91 

66.59 

34.55 

6.54 

Sheeting, 

The  establishment, 

ten  thousand  pounds 

32.00 

35.11 

61.04 

60.87 

6.96 

4.02 

Sheeting, 

The  establishment, 

ten  thousand  pounds 

33.61 

34.42 

63.67 

61.94 

2.72 

3.64 

30 


STATISTICS  OF  LABOR.  [Pub.  Doc 


COTTON  GOODS  — Concluded. 


Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for  — 

Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Sheeting, 

The  establishment, 

ten  thousand  pounds 

30.77 
33.70  / 

59.54 

63.15 

9.69 

3.15 

Sheeting, 

The  establishment, 

ten  thousand  pounds 

28.54 

32.97 

53.90 

63.90 

17.56 

3.13 

Sheeting, 

The  establishment, 

five  million,  eight  hundred 
and  sixty-one  thousand, 
two  hundred  and  ninety- 
six  pounds  .... 

18.89 

22.43 

61.89 

64.87 

19.22 

12.70 

Shirting, 

The  establishment, 

three  hundred  and  forty 
thousand  pounds 

34.74 

32.99 

48.42 

60.82 

16.84 

6.19 

Shirting,  cotton  . 
The  establishment, 

one  pound  .... 

33.33 

33.63 

66.67 

62.38 

3.99 

Stockinet, 

The  establishment, 

one  pound  .... 

16.67 

14.90 

77.78 

80.07 

5.55 

5.03 

Tapes  and  webbing, 

The  establishment, 

fifty-one  thousand,  nine  hun- 
dred and  three  gross  . 

28.73 

26.20 

71.27 

65.01 

8.79 

Thread  and  yarn, 
The  establishment, 

one  pound  .... 

43.65 

40.20 

53.79 

52.26 

2.56 

7.54 

Ticking, 

The  establishment, 

one  pound  .... 

23.64 

36.44 

51.66 

57.36 

24.70 

6.20 

Ticking, 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pounds 

28.06 

26.96 

57.91 

54.64 

14.03 

18.40 

Twine  and  warp, . 
The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pounds 

11.00 

18.72 

89.00 

77.86 

3.42 

Warp,  cotton 

The  establishihent, 

one  yard 

24.56 

25.29 

66.67 

72.33 

8.77 

2.38 

Warp,  cotton 

The  establishment, 

two  hundred  and  twenty-six 
thousand,  eight  hundred 
yards  

33.03 

23.66 

66.97 

47.99 

28.35 

Warp,  cotton 

The  establishment, 

one  pound  .... 

21.25 

19.82 

78.75 

74.33 

5.85 

Warp,  cotton 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pounds 

22.73 

22.68 

59.09 

71.16 

18.18 

6.16 

Warp,  cotton 

The  establishment, 

three  hundred  and  eighty- 
five  thousand,  seven  hun- 
dred and  sixty-seven 

pounds 

23.32 

26.42 

61.47 

69.64 

15.21 

3.94 

Warp,  satinet 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  yards 

20.00 

24.80 

80.00 

71.91 

3.29 

Yarn,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  pound  .... 

30.77 

23.75 

57.69 

69.54 

11.54 

6.71 

Yarn,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  pound  .... 

16.22 

19.02 

75.67 

72.39 

8.11 

8.59 

Yarn,  cotton 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pounds 

19.45 

17.96 

76.72 

77.83 

3.83 

4.21 

Yarn,  cotton 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pounds 

' 26.83 
25.84 

73.17 

70.58 

3.58 

Yarn,  cotton 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pounds 

17.33 

11.19 

82.67 

83.08 

5.73 

Yarn,  cotton 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  pounds 

31.15 

25.25 

45.90 

62.83 

22.95 

11.92 

Yarn  and  thread, 

The  establishment, 

one  pound  .... 

20.13 

21.61 

63.35 

71.85 

16.52 

6.54 

No.  15.]  WAGES:  COST  OF  PRODUCTION.  31 

COTTON,  WOOLLEN,  AND  OTHER  TEXTILES. 


Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for  — 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Cassimeres,  fancy  .... 

six  hundred  and  seventy-five 
thousand,  seven  hundred 
and  fifty-three  yards  . 

31.90 

68.10 

The  establishment, 

32.64 

65.42 

1.94 

CRAYONS,  PENCILS,  CRUCIBLES,  ETC. 


Crayons,  school  . 

The  establishment, 

. . . 

five  hundred  thousand  . 

50.00 

61.69 

20.00 

30.85 

30.00 

7.46 

Whitewash  blocks, 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  .... 

64.29 

53.50 

35.71 

44.73 

1 

DRUGS  AND  MEDICINES. 


Asthma  remedy,  . 
The  establishment, 

one  gross  bottles  . 

6.67 

10.67 

93.33 

61.50 

27.83 

Beer,  root 

The  establishment, 

twenty  gallons 

3.33 

96.67 

50.10 

49.90 

Blood  purifier, 

The  establishment, 

one  gross  bottles  . 

15.31 

16.35 

36.73 

73.80 

47.96 

9.85 

Dover’s  powder,  . 
The  establishment, 

ten  pounds 

21.13 

78.87 

100.00 

- 

Emulsion, 

The  establishment, 

one  gross  bottles  . 

22.22 

30.28 

77.78 

62.10 

7.62 

Essences, 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  bottles  . 

20.00 

80.00 

76.44 

23.56 

Liniment, 

The  establishment, 

four  thousand  bottles 

62.50 

25.09 

37.50 

72.90 

2.01 

Lotion,  glycerine  . 
The  establishment, 

one  dozen  bottles  . 

16.67 

83.33 

100.00 

- 

Patent  medicines, 
The  establishment, 

one  gross  bottles 

65.00 

13.50 

98.59 

21.50 

1.41 

Patent  medicines, 

The  establishment, 

four  hundred  and  thirty  bot- 
tles   

86.49 

86.49 

13.51 

13.51 

- 

Roots  and  herbs,  . 
The  establishment, 

one  ton  . 

16.67 

16.34 

83.33 

81.70 

1.96 

Salve,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  gross  boxes 

11.75 

16.52 

41.67 

58.99 

46.58 

24.49 

DYESTUFFS. 


Acid,  sulphuric 

one  ton 

14.67 

53.11 

32.22 

The  establishment, 

Blue,  laundry 

twenty-four  thousand  and 

19.19 

66.48 

14.33 

ninety -two  gross . 

13.09 

15.65 

71.26 

The  establishment, 

21.86 

59.06 

19.08 

EARTHEN,  PLASTER,  AND  STONE  WARE. 


Earthenware, 

The  establishment, 

one  kiln 

65.00 

65.66 

25.00 

28.42 

10.00 

5.92 

Flower  pots, 

The  establishment, 

• 

* 

one  thousand  .... 

87.50 

57.85 

12.50 

25.92 

16.23 

32 


STATISTICS  OF  LABOR.  [Pub.  Doc 


EARTHEN,  PLASTER,  AND  STONE  WARE  — Concluded. 


Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for  — 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Flower  pots,  .... 

The  establishment, 

one  million  .... 

21.33 

57.55 

11.87 

32.02 

66.80 

10.43 

Gallon  jugs, 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

50.00 

44.82 

12.00 

35.63 

38.00 

19.55 

Terra  cotta, 

The  establishment, 

fourteen  hundred  tons  . 

73.73 

68.39 

26.27 

24.36 

7.25 

ELECTRICAL 

APPARATUS  AND  APPLIANCES. 

Bells,  electric  .... 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  .... 

67.35 

46.94 

32.65 

48.96 

4.10 

Telephones  and  transmitters, 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  pairs 

21.98 

45.44 

58.05 

42.41 

19.97 

12.15 

ELECTROPLATING. 

Forks, 

The  establishment. 

one  dozen  .... 

35.72 

27.50 

53.57 

21.83 

10.71 

50.67 

EMERY  AND 

SAND  PAPER  AND  CLOTH,  ETC. 

Corundum, 

The  establishment, 

one  ton 

20.00 

25.73 

38.10 

73.00 

41.90 

1.27 

Emery 

The  establishment, 

one  ton 

20.83 

17.85 

79.17 

64.44 

17.71 

Emery  and  corundum  wheels,  . 
The  establishment, 

sixty-four  .... 

47.68 

36.60 

20.53 

32.28 

31.79 

31.12 

Grinders,  tool  .... 

The  establishment, 

one 

60.00 

35.43 

40.00 

41.43 

23.14 

FANCY  ARTICLES. 


Razor  strops, 

one  gross 

50.00 

25.00 

25.00 

The  establishment, 

56.65 

26.33 

17.02 

FERTILIZERS. 


Fertilizers, 

The  establishment, 

one  ton 

20.00 

16.65 

80.00 

80.47 

2.88 

Fertilizers, 

The  establishment, 

ninety  tons  .... 

15.00 

17.00 

70.00 

81.58 

15.00 

1.42 

Guano 

The  establishment, 

one  ton 

8.30 

7.65 

81.50 

87.15 

10.20 

5.20 

Phosphate 

The  establishment, 

one  ton 

14.29 

12.53 

85.71 

86.88 

0.59 

FLAX,  HEMP,  AND  JUTE  GOODS. 


Bagging, 

The  establishment, 

one  yard 

24.10 

21.58 

75.90 

72.39 

6.03 

Bagging 

The  establishment, 

one  yard 

24.10 

22.11 

75.90 

69.85 

8.04 

Cloth,  gunny 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  yards 

14.71 

23.44 

61.76 

69.76 

23.53 

6.80 

No.  15.]  WAGES:  COST  OF  PRODUCTION 


33 


FOOD  PREPARATIONS. 


Names  of  Articlf.s,  etc. 

Quantities 

PE] 
Total  C 
J 

Wages 

F5CENTAGE 
OST  OF  Pi 
L'aid  FOR 

Raw- 

Ma- 

terials 

:s  of 

tODUCTION 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Bread 

one  loaf 

42.86 

57.14 

The  establishment, 

40.78 

52.29 

6.93 

Bread, 

one  loaf 

12.50 

87.50 

_ 

The  establishment, 

13.10 

86.90 

- 

Bread, 

one  loaf 

25.00 

75.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

19.22 

68.71 

12.07 

Bread, 

one  hundred  loaves 

50.00 

50.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

27.66 

71.28 

1.06 

Bread 

one  hundred  and  fifteen 

loaves  

26.14 

73.86 

_ 

The  establishment, 

27.40 

68.49 

4.11 

Bread, 

one  hundred  and  fifty  loaves 

16.67 

66.66 

16.67 

The  establishment, 

31.61 

68.39 

- 

Bread 

two  hundred  loaves 

14.81 

48.15 

37.04 

The  establishment, 

23.48 

66.97 

9.55 

Bread, 

four  hundred  loaves 

25.00 

75.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

28.95 

58.11 

12.94 

Bread, 

fifty-two  thousand  loaves 

15.45 

84.55 

_ 

The  establishment, 

12.63 

68.57 

18.80 

Bread, 

one  hundred  and  twenty 

thousand  loaves  . 

16.86 

83.14 

. 

The  establishment, 

15.56 

81.14 

3.30 

Bread, 

three  hundred  pounds  . 

41.67 

58.33 

The  establishment, 

30.77 

69.23 

- 

Bread, 

three  hundred  pounds  . 

34.68 

65.32 

- 

The  establishment, 

23.82 

66.91 

9.27 

Bread,  white 

twelve  hundred  loaves  . 

28.85 

64.10 

7.05 

The  establishment, 

31.05 

67.69 

1.26 

Bread  and  cookies 

eighty-six  thousand,  four 

hundred  cookies;  sixty- 

two  thousand,  four  hun- 

•* 

dred  loaves  .... 

15.93 

' 84.07 

- 

The  establishment, 

15.93 

84.07 

- 

Bread,  cake,  and  crackers, . 

sixty  tons  .... 

16.65 

83.35 

_ 

The  establishment, 

16.52 

82.71 

0.77 

Butter, 

one  pound  .... 

10.00 

10.00 

80.00 

The  establishment, 

10.00 

10.00 

80.00 

Butter, 

two  thousand  pounds  . 

10.00 

90.00 

- 

The  establishment, 

8.61 

90.42 

0.97 

Candy,  

one  pound  . . 

30.00 

70.00 

- 

The  establishment, 

- 

100.00 

- 

Candy, 

one  hundred  pounds 

21.05 

78.95 

- 

The  establishment, 

13.25 

81.43 

5.32 

Candy, 

one  hundred  pounds 

22.22 

77.78 

- 

The  establishment, 

12.28 

80.83 

6.89 

Candy 

four  thousand  pounds  . 

31.25 

68.75 

- 

The  establishment, 

29.13 

70.87 

- 

Candy, broken  

one  thousand  pounds 

8.50 

87.50 

4.00 

The  establishment, 

12.45 

78.82 

8.73 

Candy,  common 

one  pound  .... 

18.75 

81.25 

_ 

The  establishment, 

18.61 

66.16 

15.23 

Candy,  molasses 

ten  pounds  .... 

31.25 

68.75 

- 

The  establishment, 

27.5b 

52.86 

19.64 

Canned  goods, 

two  hundred  dozen 

14.06 

72.92 

13.02 

The  establishment, 

22.79 

73.19 

4.02 

Caramels,  ...... 

seventy-two  thousand  pounds 

17.85 

82.15 

- 

The  establishment, 

21.43 

66.41 

12.16 

Cheese, 

one  hundred  pounds 

50.00 

50.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

67.03 

32.97 

- 

Chocolate, 

one  hundred  pounds 

14.15 

52.08 

33.77 

The  establishment, 

1 

31.25 

57.92 

10.83 

34 


STATISTICS  OF  LABOK.  [Pub.  Doc 


FOOD  PREPARATIONS  — Continued. 


Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for— 


Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Quantities 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Cod,  boneless 

The  establishment, 

one  pound  .... 

6.11 

6.00 

93.89 

94.00 

- 

Cod,  boneless 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pounds 

8.33 

12.62 

91.67 

84.21 

3.17 

Cod,  boneless 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  pounds 

7.22 

13.34 

85.56 

85.66 

7.22 

1.00 

Cod,  boneless 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  pounds 

7.22 

6.91 

85.56 

91.51 

7.22 

1.58 

Cod,  boneless 

The  establishment, 

eighty-nine  thousand,  six 
hundred  pounds  . 

20.00 

30.82 

80.00 

65.11 

4.07 

Cod,  boneless 

The  establishment, 

two  hundred  thousand  pounds 

4.76 

4.76 

95.24 

95.24 

_ 

Cod,  boneless 

The  establishment, 

one  million,  five  hundred 
and  seventy-five  thousand 
pounds 

9.82 

12.92 

66.14 

87.08 

24.04 

Coffee,  ground  and  roasted 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pounds 

8.70 

3.68 

91.30 

93.72 

2.60 

Confectionery, 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pounds 

17.65 

31.25 

82.35 

68.75 

- 

Cough  drops, 

The  establishment, 

forty-nine  thousand,  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  pounds 

18.89 

16.13 

81.11 

69.32 

14.55 

Crackers, 

The  establishment, 

twenty  barrels 

16.87 

29.27 

83.13 

64.05 

6.68 

Crackers, 

The  establishment, 

two  thousand  pounds  . 

19.11 

19.57 

70.06 

72.75 

10.83 

7.68 

Crackers, 

The  establishment, 

one  barrel  .... 

0.30 

10.64 

2.10 

89.36 

97.60 

Crackers, 

The  establishment, 

one  barrel  .... 

14.29 

14.17 

85.71 

83.84 

1.99 

.Crackers, 

The  establishment, 

one  barrel  .... 

17.71 

21.15 

82.29 

74.45 

4.40 

Crackers, 

The  establishment, 

twelve  thousand,  three  hun- 
dred and  thirteen  barrels  . 

13.65 

21.67 

82.40 

77.80 

3.95 

0.53 

Crackers,  water  . 
The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pounds 

38.46 

53.13 

61.54 

40.47 

6.40 

Essences, 

The  establishment, 

one  gross  bottles  . 

8.33 

35.18 

91.67 

62.26 

2.56 

Extracts,  flavoring 
The  establishment, 

one  gross  bottles  . 

8.33 

12.07 

91.67 

81.89 

6.04 

Feed  and  meal, 

The  establishment, 

one  ton 

2.17 

11.84 

91.31 

87.15 

6.52 

1.01 

Flour,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  barrel  .... 

4.76 

3.35 

95.24 

95.07 

1.58 

Grinding  grain,  . 
The  establishment, 

one  bushel  .... 

66.67 

33.33 

3.65 

96.35 

Gum,  chewing 

The  establishment, 

one  box 

34.78 

28.28 

56.52 

71.72 

8.70 

Hog  products, 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pounds 

1.71 

4.34 

98.29 

94.81 

0.85 

Ice, 

The  establishment, 

one  ton 

66.67 

82.75 

33.33 

6.72 

10.53 

Ice  cream, 

The  establishment, 

one  quart  .... 

15.00 

85.00 

65.79 

34.21 

Ice  cream, 

The  establishment, 

one  gallon  .... 

25.00 

19.61 

75.00 

78.43 

1.96 

No.  15.]  WAGES:  COST  OF  PRODUCTION 


35 


FOOD  PREPARATIONS  — Concluded. 


Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for— 

names  op  Articles,  etc 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Ice  cream, 

The  establishment, 

one  gallon 

8.33 

33.03 

83.34 

49.37 

8.33 

17.60 

Meal,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pounds 

1.74 

3.60 

95.65 

93.83 

2.61. 

2.57 

Meal,  . 

The  establishment, 

ten  bags  . 

1.80 

22.77 

92.43 

66.53 

5.77 

10.70 

Meal, 

The  establishment, 

one  bushel 

2.14 

5.03 

85.72 

93.79 

12.14 

1.18 

Meal,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  bushel 

7.41 

17.31 

92.59 

80.76 

1.93 

Meal,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  bushel 

3.57 

3.51 

96.43 

93.79 

2.70 

Meal,  corn 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  bags  . 

5.77 

5.65 

94.23 

92.74 

1.61 

Meal,  corn  . 

The  establishment, 

one  bushel 

17.24 

6.85 

82.76 

92.41 

0.74 

Meal,  corn 

The  establishment, 

one  ton  . 

9.83 

14.94 

90.17 

81.66 

3.40 

Meal,  corn 

The  establishment, 

• • 

one  ton  . 

2.38 

9.30 

95.24 

89.77 

2.38 

0.93 

Meal,  ground 

The  establishment, 

• • 

one  hundred  pounds 

2.86 

5.35 

95.24 

93.25 

1.90 

1.40 

Peppermint  drops, 
The  establishment, 

one  ton  . 

15.00 

23.13 

75.00 

75.27 

10.00 

1.60 

Pickles, . 

The  establishment, 

ten  barrels 

15.38 

8.28 

84.62 

87.15 

4.57 

Sausages, 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pounds 

11.11 

20.15 

88.89 

77.08 

2.77 

Tomatoes,  canned 
The  establishment, 

one  dozen 

11.01 

35.03 

88.99 

62.39 

2.58 

Tomatoes,  canned 
The  establishment, 

one  thousand  dozen 

80.00 

26.14 

20.00 

69.82 

4.04 

Vinegar, 

The  establishment, 

one  barrel  . » . 

50.00 

27.63 

50.00 

65.23 

7.14 

Vinegar,  cider 

The  establishment, 

six  hundred  barrels 

14.29 

28.30 

57.14 

56.60 

28.57 

15.10 

Yeast,  compressed 
The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pounds 

24.00 

22.42 

76.00 

77.58 

- 

FURNITURE. 


Beds,  cabinet 

The  establishment, 

one  

47.14 

53.93 

52.86 

38.05 

8.02 

Beds,  spring 

The  establishment, 

one 

16.67 

33.33 

83.33 

66.67 

_ 

Beds,  spring 

The  establishment, 

one 

16.67 

25.99 

83.33 

67.06 

6.95 

Beds,  spring 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  .... 

26.09 

27.19 

73.91 

66.74 

6.07 

Beds,  spring 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  .... 

18.75 

29.54 

81.25 

65.44 

5.02 

Bent  stock  (for  chairs), 

The  establishment, 

eighty  thousand,  eight  hun- 
dred and  twenty-threebows 

57.08 

48.81 

42.92 

«9.01 

12.18 

Blinds, 

The  establishment, 

fifteen  hundred  pairs 

37.50 

40.35 

62.50 

48.21 

11.44 

Bureaus, 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  .... 

33.33 

66.23 

61.34 

33.77 

5.33 

36 


STATISTICS  OF  LABOR 


[Pub.  Doc 


FURNITURE  — Continued. 


Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for  — 

.Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Burial  caskets, 

The  establishment, 

one  .... 

20.89 

37.19 

68.66 

31.79 

10.45 

31.02 

Chairs, 

The  establishment, 

one  .... 

26.67 

26.26 

73.33 

72.17 

1.57 

Chairs, 

The  establishment, 

one  .... 

67.69 

44.86 

32.31 

49.81 

5.33 

Chairs, 

The  establishment, 

twenty-four  hundred 
forty-eight  . 

and 

58.56 

58.56 

41.44 

41.44 

- 

Chairs 

The  establishment, 

eighty  thousand 

18.75 

30.30 

41.  Q7 
68.35 

39.58 

1.35 

Chairs, 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen 

40.00 

38.15 

45.00 

61.85 

15.00 

Chairs 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  dozen 

36.71 

30.98 

58.23 

49.78 

5.06 

19.24 

Chairs, 

The  establishment, 

ten  dozen 

58.33 

54.66 

41.67 

37.22 

8.12 

Chairs,  cane-seat  . 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  dozen 

38.68 

26.36 

61.32 

65.86 

7.78 

Chairs,  cane-seat  . 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  dozen 

33.33 

41.44 

41.69 

49.34 

24.98 

9.22 

Chairs,  Grecian  . 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  dozen 

31.90 

41.36 

57.86 

52.76 

10.24 

5.88 

Chairs,  rocking  . 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  . 

35.87 

43.90 

64.13 

54.08 

2.02 

Desks, 

The  establishment, 

one  .... 

41.67 

42.36 

58.33 

50.06 

7.58 

Desks,  parlor 

The  establishment, 

one  .... 

40.00 

46.89 

60.00 

32.86 

20.25 

Desks  and  seats,  school 

The  establishment, 

one  .... 

45.45 

46.17 

54.55 

50.78 

3.05 

Earth  closets, 

The  establishment, 

ninety 

41.67 

49.53 

33.33 

44.15 

25.00 

6.32 

Frames,  parlor  furniture  . 
The  establishment, 

one  suit  . 

45.06 

55.90 

28.53 

29.05 

26.41 

15.05 

Furniture,  chamber 

The  establishment, 

one  suit  . 

44.44 

56.54 

55.56 

34.23 

9.23 

Furniture,  chamber 

The  establishment, 

one  suit  . . . 

58.82 

64.77 

41.18 

34.78 

0.45 

Furniture,  chamber 

The  establishment, 

one  suit  . 

20.20 

19.16 

79.80 

75.66 

5.18 

Furniture,  chamber 

The  establishment, 

one  suit  . 

50.00 

31.29 

50.00 

40.23 

28.48 

Furniture,  chamber 

The  establishment, 

one  suit  . 

11.55 

42.12 

55.56 

41.47 

32.89 

16.41 

Furniture,  chamber 

The  establishment, 

three  hundred  suits 

33.33 

52.53 

20.00 

42.70 

46.67 

4.77 

Furniture,  chamber  (pine,  painted)  . 
The  establishment, 

one  suit  . 

16.79 

17.95 

83.21 

79.67 

2.38 

Furniture,  parlor . 

The  establishment, 

one  suit  . 

71.96 

46.62 

28.04 

34.97 

18.41 

Furniture,  parlor . 

The  establishment, 

one  suit  . 

15.48 

38.60 

69.19 

41.98 

15.33 

19.42 

Furniture,  parlor . 

The  establishment, 

one  suit  . 

21.17 

30.49 

60.00 

62.55 

18.83 

6.96 

Furniture,  parlor . 

The  establishment, 

one  suit  . 

30.00 

27.57 

70.00 

72.43 

_ 

Furniture,  parlor . 

The  establishment, 

one  suit  . 

15.48 

38.60 

69.19 

41.98 

15.33 

19.42 

No.  15.]  WAGES:  COST  OF  PRODUCTION 


37 


FURNITURE  — Concluded. 


• 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for  — 

Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Quantities 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Mantels,  wood 

The  establishment, 

forty 

60.00 

38.78 

40.00 

51.33 

9.89 

Mattresses 

The  establishment, 

one 

20.00 

12.95 

68.50 

74.72 

11.50 

12.33 

Mattresses,  hair 

The  establishment, 

one 

4.09 

43.93 

95.91 

36.86 

19.21 

Mattresses,  spring  .... 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  and  eighty 

37.78 

34.96 

59.44 

55.14 

2.78 

9.90 

Mattresses,  wire 

The  establishment, 

one 

27.81 

35.18 

72.19 

49.02 

15.80 

Mattresses,  woven-wire 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

23.33 

29.18 

76.67 

57.76 

13.06 

Refrigerators 

The  establishment, 

one 

13.64 

69.72 

86.36 

19.89 

10.39 

Refrigerators, 

The  establishment, 

one 

28.57 

49.10 

71.43 

46.64 

4.26 

Refrigerators, 

The  establishment, 

one 

58.82 

18.39 

41.18 

78.34 

3.27 

Secretaries,  

The  establishment, 

one 

60.00 

40.03 

40.00 

46.04 

13.93 

Slides,  drawer 

The  establishment, 

one  set 

75.00 

61.22 

25.00 

20.41 

18.37 

Springs,  furniture  .... 

The  establishment, 

one  gross 

15.39 

20.65 

76.92 

48.08 

7.69 

31.27 

Tables 

The  establishment, 

one 

76.00 

68.51 

24.00 

25.26 

6.23 

Tables,  extension  .... 

The  establishment, 

one 

•38.10 

49.65 

61.90 

44.65 

5.70 

Towel  racks, 

The  establishment, 

six  hundred  .... 

33.34 

26.58 

33.33 

60.93 

33.33 

12.49 

Towel  racks, 

The  establishment, 

ten  dozen  .... 

66.67 

59.30 

33.33 

35.78 

4.92 

GLASS. 


Homeopathic  vials,  .... 

one  hundred  gross 

32.84 

67.16 

The  establishment, 

61.76 

38.17 

0.07 

GLUE,  ISINGLASS,  AND  STARCH. 


Glue, 

The  establishment, 

one  pound  .... 

21.43 

21.54 

78.57 

74.38 

4.08 

Glue 

The  establishment, 

one  pound  .... 

18.18 

18.18 

81.82 

81.82 

- 

Glue, 

The  establishment, 

one  ton 

23.08 

17.71 

76.92 

81.34 

0.95 

Glue, 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  and  fifty  tons  . 

10.41 

10.41 

86.80 

86.80 

2.79 

2.79 

Isinglass, 

The  establishment, 

one  pound  .... 

6.58 

7.00 

78.95 

92.75 

14.47 

0.25 

Isinglass,  ribbon 

The  establishment, 

one  pound  .... 

11.76 

11.94 

88.24 

85.85 

2.21 

Starch,  

The  establishment, 

one  barrel  .... 

18.55 

18.32 

81.45 

80.43 

1.25 

38 


STATISTICS  OF  LABOR.  [Pub.  Doc 


HAIR  WORK  (ANIMAL  AND  HUMAN). 


Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for  — 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials, 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Hair,  curled 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  pounds  . 

12.07 

11.96 

87.93 

85.61 

2.43 

Wigs 

The  establishment, 

one 

50.00 

61.26 

33.33 

11.48 

16.67 

27.26 

HOSIERY  AND  KNIT  GOODS 


Cardigan  jackets, 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

20.69 

22.92 

58.62 

75.80 

20.69 

1.28 

Cloths,  knitted 

The  establishment, 

two  hundred  yards 

40.00 

19.82 

60.00 

79.39 

0.79 

Hose,  half 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  pairs 

37.50 

33.86 

62.50 

57.74 

8.40 

Hosiery, 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  pairs 

44.44 

34.54 

55.56 

42.40 

23.06 

Hosiery, 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  pairs 

58.33 

63.66 

25.00 

26.92 

16.67 

9.42 

Hosiery, 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  pairs 

37.50 

44.35 

50.00 

45.99 

12.50 

9.66 

Hosiery, 

The  establishment. 

one  dozen  pairs 

33.33 

14.97 

66.67 

50.74 

34.29 

Hosiery,  children’s 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  dozen  pairs 

48.48 

46.50 

51.52 

47.98 

5.52 

Hosiery,  cotton  (plain) 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  thousand  dozen 
pairs 

33.18 

38.63 

41.09 

46.79 

25.73 

14.58 

Jersey  cloth, 

The  establishment, 

seven  hundred  and  seventy- 
eight  yards  .... 

10.91 

8.79 

83.79 

89.36 

5.30 

1.85 

Shirts,  infants’ 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  dozen 

42.86 

40.18 

57.14 

49.55 

10.27 

Stockings, 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  pairs 

28.92 

38.77 

40.96 

55.42 

30.12 

5.81 

Stockings,  cotton  (white) 
The  establishment, 

one  thousand  dozen  pairs 

53.27 

34.60 

34.00 

53.67 

12.73 

11.73 

Underwear,  gauze 

The  establishment, 

forty  dozen  .... 

29.00 

38.02 

71.00 

58.77 

3.21 

Underwear,  knit  . 

The  establishment, 

four  hundred  dozen 

23.90 

17.48 

60.10 

81.26 

16.00 

1.26 

INK,  MUCILAGE,  AND  PASTE. 


Flour  paste,  . 

one  barrel  .... 

10.71 

89.29 

The  establishment, 

24.56 

67.35 

8.09 

IVORY,  BONE,  SHELL,  AND  HORN  GOODS,  ETC. 


Buttons,  rubber 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  gross 

66.67 

58.64 

33.33 

34.26 

7.10 

Buttons,  suspender  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  thousand  great  gross 

44.44 

31.59 

55.56 

59.18 

9.23 

Combs, 

The  establishment, 

one  gross  .... 

75.00 

66.12 

25.00 

28.10 

5.78 

Combs 

The  establishment, 

ten  gross  

55.56 

51.45 

33.33 

42.59 

11.11 

5.96 

No.  15.]  WAGES 


COST  OF  PRODUCTION 


39 


IVORY,  BONE,  SHELL,  AND  HORN  GOODS,  ETC.  — Concluded. 


Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for  — 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Combs 

The  establishment, 

twelve  hundred  gross  . 

34.94 

35.41 

59.40 

58.22 

5.66 

6.37 

Combs,  fancy 

The  establishment, 

ten  gross  

50.00 

66.99 

50.00 

29.82 

3.19 

Combs, 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

30.00 

15.50 

70.00 

82.59 

1.91 

Hair  ornaments 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  gross  . 

66.67 

69.12 

33.33 

22.24 

8.64 

Plastic  compound 

The  establishment, 

one  pound  .... 

40.00 

31.13 

60.00 

54.69 

14.18 

LEATHER. 


Bags,  feed 

The  establishment, 

Belting, . 

The  establishment, 

Belting,  leather  . 
The  establishment, 

Grinding  bark, 

The  establishment, 

Hames 
The  establishment, 

Harnesses,  . 

The  establishment, 

Harnesses,  . 

The  establishment, 

Harnesses,  . 

The  establishment, 
Harnesses,  . 

The  establishment, 
Harnesses, 

The  establishment, 
Harnesses,  . 

The  establishment, 
Harnesses,  . 

The  establishment, 
Harnesses,  . 

The  establishment, 

Harnesses,  . 

The  establishment, 

Harnesses,  . 

The  establishment, 

Harnesses, 

The  establishment, 
Harnesses,  . 

The  establishment, 
Harnesses,  . 

The  establishment, 

Harnesses,  . 

The  establishment, 

Harnesses,  . 

The  establishment, 

Harnesses,  . 

The  establishment, 

Harnesses, 

The  establishment, 


five  thousand  . 
one  hundred  feet  . 
one  hundred  pounds 
one  cord  . 
one  pair  . 
one  .... 

one  .... 

one  .... 

one  .... 

one  .... 

one  .... 

one  .... 

one  .... 

one  .... 

one  .... 

one  .... 

one  .... 
five  .... 
ten  . . . •• 

fifteen 
forty- 

fifty  .... 


21.91 

78.09 

16.92 

60.28 

22.80 

24.79 

75.21 

_ 

8.46 

91.54 

- 

33.87 

66.13 

_ 

10.44 

82.00 

7.56 

11.74 

88.26 

_ 

63.11 

29.04 

7.85 

25.00 

50.00 

25.00 

82.08 

12.26 

5.66 

50.00 

50.00 

_ 

32.05 

54.87 

13.08 

42.86 

57.14 

_ 

31.16 

68.12 

0.72 

28.57 

71.43 

_ 

- 

100.00 

- 

25.00 

75.00 

_ 

34.01 

64.56 

1.43 

31.82 

68.18 

_ 

3.26 

96.74 

- 

40.00 

60.00 

_ 

33.50 

50.51 

15.99 

50.00 

50.00 

_ 

64.35 

33.59 

2.06 

30.00 

67.50 

2.50 

22.73 

50.00 

27.27 

66.67 

33.33 

_ 

36.20 

49.85 

13.95 

24.00 

76.00 

_ 

25.44 

69.70 

4.86 

33.33 

66.67 

_ 

37.45 

33.81 

28.74 

31.92 

53.19 

14.89 

30.97 

61.13 

7.90 

43.48 

34.78 

21.74 

25.95 

51.90 

22.15 

32.50 

37.50 

30.00 

24.53 

75.47 

- 

50.00 

50.00 

_ 

28.57 

71.43 

- 

31.25 

68.75 

_ 

45.09 

53.29 

1.62 

46.67 

33.33 

20.00 

37.04 

55.55 

7.41 

40 


STATISTICS  OF  LABOR.  [Pub.  Doc 


LEATHER  — Continued. 


Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Quantities 

-Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for  — 

• Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Harnesses,  light  (nickel-plated) 

The  establishment, 

one 

26.67 

21.87 

66.67 

77.84 

6.66 

0.29 

Horse  collars 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

26.09 

21.61 

73.91 

64.32 

14.07 

Horse  collars, 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

40.00 

56.00 

40.00 

34.76 

20.00 

9.24 

Horse  collars 

The  establishment, 

three  hundred  and  fifty  dozen 

33.52 

50.89 

59.26 

49.11 

7.22 

Inner  soles,  canvas  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  thousand  sheets 

5.26 

20.07 

94.74 

75.83 

4.10 

Leather, 

The  establishment, 

one  million,  two  hundred 
thousand  feet 

8.88 

7.97 

91.12 

81.76 

10.27 

Leather, 

The  establishment, 

five  hundred  and  sixty  thou- 
sand pounds 

10.27 

10.05 

87.79 

85.94 

1.94 

4.01 

Leather, 

The  establishment, 

one  ton 

6.98 

8.90 

9.30 

91.10 

83.72 

Leather, 

The  establishment. 

one  hundred  sides  . 

68.96 

6.65 

22.99 

93.28 

8.05 

0.07 

Leather, 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  sides  . 

7.30 

15.68 

92.70 

83.84 

0.48 

Leather, 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  sides  . 

37.50 

20.54 

62.50 

78.32 

1.14 

Leather, 

The  establishment, 

twenty-five  thousand  sides  . 

12.41 

12.33 

87.59 

87.06 

0.61 

Leather,  buff 

The  establishment, 

one  side 

20.00 

16.58 

80.00 

81.22 

2.20 

Leather,  calfskin 

The  establishment, 

one  pound  .... 

7.94 

16.20 

11.11 

83.36 

80.95 

0.44 

Leather,  calfskin 

The  establishment, 

sixty-three  thousand,  one  hun- 
dred and  two  pounds  . 

13.63 

13.56 

86.37 
85  • 93 

0.51 

Leather,  calfskin  (glove)  . 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

17.86 

41.33 

77.38 

55.24 

4.76 

3.43 

Leather,  card 

The  establishment, 

two  sides 

10.98 

8.32 

89.02 

84.75 

6.93 

Leather,  goat  and  sheepskin 

The  establishment, 

ten  thousand  dozen 

20.90 

20.05 

79.10 

77.49 

2.46 

Leather  grain 

The  establishment, 

two  thousand,  two  hundred 
and  fifty  feet 

13.76 

9.03 

83.00 

89.18 

3.24 

1.79 

Leather,  grain 

The  establishment, 

twelve  hundred  sides  . 

16.00 

12.14 

84.00 

87.35 

0.51 

Leather,  grain  (glove) 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  feet  . 

17.39 

11.38 

82.61 

87.07 

1.55 

Leather,  grain  (Polish) 

The  establishment, 

one  side 

14.29 

8.55 

2.38 

90.22 

83.33 

1.23 

Leather,  kid  (hand-gloved) 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

27.71 

23.59 

72.29 

74.97 

1.44 

Leather,  kip 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  feet  . 

30.51 

11.95 

69.49 

86.94 

1.11 

Leather,  kip 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  feet  . 

28.57 

13.81 

71.43 

83.11 

3.08 

Leather,  morocco  .... 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

26.47 

42.18 

73.53 

52.07 

5.75 

Leather,  morocco  .... 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

22.33 

20.87 

77.67 

78.18 

0.95 

41 


No.  15.]  WAGES : COST  OF  PRODUCTION. 


LEATHER  — Concluded. 


Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for— 

Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Quantities 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Leather,  patent  . . 

The  establishment, 

one  side 

16.98 

6.55 

83.02 

93.19 

0.26 

Leather,  russet 

The  establishment, 

one  side 

15.02 

18.58 

84.98 

66.95 

14.47 

Leather,  sheepskin  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

24.00 

22.28 

6.00 

77.72 

70.00 

Leather,  sheepskin  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

17.65 

12.73 

82.35 

84.85 

2.42 

Leather,  sheepskin  .... 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

27.00 

29.18 

70.00 

67.86 

3.00 

2.96 

Leather,  split 

The  establishment, 

one  pound  .... 

16.19 

15.24 

83.81 

82.86 

1.90 

Leather,  split 

The  establishment, 

one  pound  .... 

20.15 

15.16 

79.59 

83.04 

0.26 

1.80 

Leather,  split 

The  establishment, 

one  ton 

8.89 

8.87 

91.11 

90.86 

0.27 

Leather,  upper  . • 

The  establishment, 

ten  thousand  sides  . 

11.54 

11.49 

88.46 

88.07 

0.44 

Leather,  wax 

The  establishment, 

one  foot 

23.53 

12.13 

76.47 

86.84 

1.03 

Leather- board, 

The  establishment, 

one  ton 

12.50 

12.42 

75.00 

77.35 

12.50 

10.23 

Mats,  wool 

The  establishment, 

0116  #••••• 

44.44 

22.74 

55.56 

75.82 

1.44 

Roller  skins 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

23.33 

15.27 

10.00 

81.50 

66.67 

3.23 

Saddles,  gig 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  .... 

35.00 

19.77 

52.50 

58.53 

12.50 

21.70 

Splits,  finished 

The  establishment, 

Washers 

The  establishment, 

one  ton 

two  million,  seven  hundred 
and  fifty  thousand 

16.18 

16.17 

27.90 

27.42 

83.82 

83.83 

57.10 

60.52 

15.00 

12.06 

LINEN. 


Towelling,  crash 

one  yard 

35.00 

50.00 

15.00 

The  establishment, 

32.71 

62.54 

4.75 

LIQUORS  AND  BEVERAGES  (NOT  SPIRITUOUS). 


Ginger  ale, 

sixty  quarts  .... 

34.82 

12.44 

52.74 

The  establishment, 

19.68 

71.03 

9.29 

Ginger  ale, 

The  establishment, 

ten  gross  bottles  . 

13.33 

86.67 

_ 

35.72 

11.38 

52.90 

Soda  water 

The  establishment, 

four  dozen  bottles  . 

37.50 

12.50 

50.00 

38.13 

57.27 

4.60 

Soda  water, 

The  establishment, 

sixty-five  dozen  bottles  . 

28.57 

71.43 

_ 

36.90 

63.10 

- 

Soda  water, 

ten  gallons  .... 

66.67 

33.33 

_ 

The  establishment, 

47.85 

52.15 

- 

Soda  water, 

ten  gallons  .... 

33.34 

33.33 

33.33 

The  establishment, 

54.02 

41.75 

4.23 

Tonic  beer, 

three  thousand  dozen  bottles 

25.00 

75.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

35.49 

52.68 

11.83 

42 


STATISTICS  OF  LABOR, 


[Pub.  Doc 


LIQUORS  AND  BEVERAGES  (NOT  SPIRITUOUS)  — Concluded. 


Names  op  Articles,  etc. 

Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for — 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Tonic  beer 

The  establishment, 

fifteen  thousand  dozen  quarts 

37.50 

49.43 

50.00 

50.57 

12.50 

Tonic  beer, 

The  establishment, 

one  gross  bottles  . * . 

28.57 

21.47 

71.43 

44.72 

33.81 

Tonics 

The  establishment, 

sixty  gallons  .... 

23.11 

61.86 

37.00 

31.96 

39.89 

6.18 

Tonics, 

The  establishment, 

one  gross  bottles  . 

33.33 

7.06 

66.67 

70.65 

22.29 

LIQUORS:  MALT,  DISTILLED,  AND  FERMENTED. 


Aerated  water, 

one  dozen  quarts  . . . j 

15.00 

60.00 

25.00 

The  establishment, 

26.02 

57.56 

16.42 

Ale, 

one  barrel  .... 

6.54 

44.55 

48.91 

The  establishment, 

11.24 

72.73 

16.03 

Ale, 

one  barrel  .... 

25.00 

75.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

14.16 

73.95 

11.89 

Ale  and  porter,  . 

twenty-four  thousand,  four 

hundred  and  seventy-five 
barrels 

10.58 

46.14 

43.28 

The  establishment, 

17.38 

71.87 

10.75 

Beer,  hop 

six  hundred  bottles 

30.00 

70.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

33.59 

57.00 

9.41 

Beer,  lager  . 

one  barrel  .... 

16.67 

37.50 

45.83 

The  establishment, 

26.80 

63.27 

9.93 

Beer,  lager  (bottled) 

one  hundred  and  fourteen 

dozen  bottles 

1.90 

98.10 

- 

The  establishment, 

27.74 

67.51 

4.75 

Beer,  tonic  . 

ten  dozen  bottles  . 

4.00 

80.00 

16.00 

The  establishment, 

7.25 

92.35 

0.40 

Beer,  tonic  . 

one  gross  bottles  . 

13.89 

73.61 

12.50 

The  establishment, 

13.02 

66.29 

20.69 

Cider,  . 

one  gallon  .... 

25.00 

75.00 

- 

The  establishment, 

17.35 

73.37 

9.28 

Cider,  . 

twelve  thousand  gallons 

50.00 

50.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

33.90 

65.68 

0.42 

Cider,  . 

seventeen  thousand  and  fifty- 

six  gallons  .... 

31.82 

68.18 

- 

The  establishment, 

31.46 

67.42 

1.12 

Cider,  . 

eighteen  thousand  gallons  . 

30.00 

60.00 

10.00 

The  establishment, 

32.26 

64.52 

3.22 

Cider,  . 

forty  thousand  gallons  . 

14.29 

71.42 

14.29 

The  establishment, 

17.99 

74.82 

7.19 

Cider,  . 

one  hundred  and  five  thou- 
sand gallons  ... 

16.67 

83.33 

The  establishment, 

16.67 

83.33 

- 

Cider,  ... 

one  barrel  .... 

5.10 

94.90 

- 

The  establishment, 

5.34 

94.66 

- 

Cider,  . 

four  thousand  barrels  . 

26.67 

66.67 

6.66 

The  establishment, 

21.43 

60.28 

18.29 

Cider,  refined 

one  thousand  gallons 

15.00 

85.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

7.96 

91.13 

0.91 

Cider,  6weet . 

three  hundred  barrels  . 

20.89 

66.67 

12.44 

The  establishment, 

23.50 

75.00 

1.50 

Cider  and  vinegar, 

twelve  hundred  barrels  . 

48.80 

51.20 

- 

The  establishment, 

48.02 

50.38 

1.60 

Rum, 

one  thousand  gallons 

7.33 

81.68 

10.99 

The  establishment, 

6.23 

93.61 

0.16 

No.  15.]  WAGES:  COST  OF  PRODUCTION 


43 


LUMBER. 


Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for — 

:names  of  Articles,  etc 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Boards,  box  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  feet  . 

37.50 

60.98 

62.50 

36.58 

2.44 

Boards,  box  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  feet  . 

18.18 

45.72 

72.73 

52.76 

9.09 

1.52 

Boards,  box  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  feet  . 

13.33 

13.33 

86.67 

85.63 

1.04 

Boards,  box  . 

The  establishment, 

two  hundred  thousand  feet  . 

15.79 

22.28 

84.21 

76.38 

1.34 

Boards,  box  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  feet  . 

17.24 

22.26 

82.76 

77.05 

0.69 

Boards,  box  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  feet  . 

42.86 

46.87 

42.86 

53.13 

14.28 

Boards,  box  . 

The  establishment, 

• 

one  thousand  feet  . 

14.37 

18.46 

78.13 

75.61 

7.50 

5.93 

Boards,  box  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  feet  . 

40.00 

13.59 

53.33 

86.05 

6.67 

0.36 

Boards,  box  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  feet  . 

15.63 

18.49 

68.75 

78.06 

15.62 

3.45 

Boards,  box  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  feet  . 

14.29 

16.69 

71.43 

76.52 

14.28 

6.79 

Boards,  box  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  feet  . . * . 

29.41 

21.74 

70.59 

69.56 

8.70 

Boards,  box  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  feet  ... 

23.60 

22.67 

76.40 

73.16 

4.17 

Boards,  box  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  feet  . 

22.22 

45.87 

77.78 

53.67 

0.46 

Boards,  box  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  feet  . 

69.57 

30.51 

30.43 

69.49 

- 

Boards,  box  . 

The  establishment, 

four  hundred  thousand  feet  . 

25.00 

23.98 

75.00 

71.94 

4.08 

Boards,  box  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  feet  . 

29.41 

.11.76 

70.59 

88.24 

_ 

Boards,  box  . 

The  establishment, 

seven  hundred  and  fifty  thou- 
sand feet  .... 

15.38 

16.12 

80.77 

76.55 

3.85 

7.33 

Boards,  pine  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  feet  . 

28.57 

20.62 

71.43 

75.60 

3.78 

Boards,  pine . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  feet  . 

20.00 

24.51 

70.00 

71.43 

10.00 

4.06 

Boards,  pine . 

The  establishment, 

seventy -five  thousand  feet 

57.14 

11.79 

42.86 

85.03 

3.18 

Cases,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  feet  . 

26.16 

44.71 

73.84 

51.61 

3.68 

Lumber, 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  feet  . 

14.29 
. 25.43 

85.71 

74.57 

Lumber, 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  feet  . 

14.29 

16.98 

85.71 

83.02 

- 

Lumber, 

The  establishment, 

ten  thousand  feet  . 

80.00 

45.41 

20.00 

18.92 

35.67 

Lumber, 

The  establishment, 

twenty-five  thousand  feet 

23.48 

28.16 

76.52 

62.93 

8.91 

Lumber, 

The  establishment, 

ten  thousand  feet  . 

12.50 

25.14 

75.00 

67.87 

12.50 

6.99 

Lumber,  pine 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  feet  . 

57.14 

30.93 

42.86 

63.68 

5.39 

Lumber,  rough 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  feet  . 

8.57 

18.84 

91.43 

79.28 

1.88 

Lumber,  rough 

The  establishment, 

fifty  thousand  feet  . 

5.88 

21.44 

52.94 

72.90 

41.18 

5.66 

44 


STATISTICS  OF  LABOR.  [Pub.  Doc 


LUMBER  — Concluded. 


Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for— 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Lumber,  rough  ..... 

five  hundred  thousand  feet  . 

25.53 

53.19 

21.28 

The  establishment, 

29.63 

61.73 

8.64 

Mouldings, 

one  thousand  feet  . 

26.67 

66.67 

6.66 

The  establishment, 

22.46 

76.54 

1.00 

Shingles 

six  hundred  thousand  . 

50.00 

50.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

39.60 

56.11 

4.29 

"Wood,  oak 

one  cord 

50.00 

50.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

46.94 

53.06 

- 

Woods,  match 

five  hundred  cases  . 

57.14 

42.86 

_ 

The  establishment, 

57.14 

42.86 

“ 

MACHINES  AND  MACHINERY. 


Blowers,  pressure 
The  establishment, 

five  hundred  and  twenty 

31.41 

60.36 

68.59 

25.78 

13.86 

Bobbins, 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  .... 

18.18 

46.45 

81.82 

45.72 

7.83 

Bobbins,  wool-filling 
The  establishment, 

one  thousand  .... 

36.32 

51.44 

63.68 

48.39 

0.17 

Boilers,  steam 

The  establishment, 

one 

25.00 

27.33 

75.00 

71.94 

0.73 

Burners,  gas . 

The  establishment, 

one 

36.36 

59.32 

54  55 
29.66 

9.09 

11.02 

Card-clothing, 

The  establishment, 

one  square  foot  . . 

21.25 
18  12 

78.75 

78.89 

2.99 

Card- clothing, 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  square  feet 

8.01 

8.04 

88.81 

89.12 

3.18 

2.84 

Card-clothing, 

The  establishment, 

twenty  one  thousand,  nine 
hundred  and  fifty-four 
square  feet  .... 

19.38 

20.79 

68  25 
72.38 

12.37 

6.83 

Channel  flap  turners, 
The  establishment, 

one 

72.60 

91.75 

6.11 

8.25 

21.29 

Clothes  wringers, 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  .... 

8.00 

6.85 

69.67 

76.43 

22.33 

16.72 

Clothes  wringers, 

The  establishment, 

four  hundred  and  sixty -eight 
dozen  ..... 

15.54 

13.84 

57.89 

86.16 

26.57 

Combs  (for  cotton  cards),  . 
The  establishment, 

ten 

24.28 

47.94 

32.86 

20.56 

42.86 

31.50 

Cop  tubes,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  pounds 

25.00 

23.07 

75.00 

71.05 

5.88 

Cotton  gins,  . 

The  establishment, 

one 

32.71 

38.74 

42.06 

.33.53 

25.23 

27.73 

Covering  (for  pipes), 
The  establishment, 

one  hundred  feet  . 

33.33 

61.70 

66.67 

25.71 

12.59 

Cutters,  moulding 
The  establishment, 

one  hundred  .... 

93.33 

52.34 

6.67 

11.06 

36.60 

Cutters,  sole  leather 
The  establishment, 

one 

36.51 

55.41 

63.49 

44.59 

“ 

Drills,  upright 

The  establishment, 

one 

* 

42.86 

35.70 

42.86 

54.62 

14.28 

9.68 

Engines, 

The  establishment, 

73.58 

45.74 

26.42 

43.21 

11.05 

Engines,  steam  . 
The  establishment, 

40.49 

42.38 

37.79 

40.20 

21.72 

17.42 

Engines,  steam 

The  establishment, 

one 

22.00 

44.00 

78  00 
55.31 

0.69 

No.  15.]  WAGES  : COST  OF  PRODUCTION 


45 


MACHINES  AND  MACHINERY  — Continued. 


Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for  — 

Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Fastenings,  bedstead  . 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  sets  . 

18.18 

11.48 

81.82 

79.18 

9.34 

Freezers,  .... 

The  establishment, 

one  .... 

70.00 

64.54 

30.00 

24.89 

10.57 

Gas  screens,  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  .... 

11.77 

13.41 

82.35 

83.61 

5.88 

2.98 

Gates,  water 

The  establishment, 

ten  . . 

18.58 

24.07 

81.42 

67.87 

8.06 

Governors,  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  .... 

57.14 

46.45 

28.57 

30.56 

14.29 

22.99 

Grinders,  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  .... 

55.56 

27.21 

44.44 

18.39 

54.40 

Injectors,  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  .... 

24.00 

17.54 

76.00 

81.00 

1.46 

Knives,  lawn  mower  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

66.67 

39.61 

28.57 

47.72 

4.76 

12.67 

Knives,  machine  . 

The  establishment, 

five  hundred  and  seventy-six 
inches 

52.08 

46.53 

47.92 

51.69 

1.78 

Lathes, 

The  establishment, 

one  .... 

42.86 

75.20 

22.86 

20.78 

34.28 

4.02 

Lathes 

The  establishment, 

eleven 

83.00 

83.64 

17.00 

11.15 

5.21 

Lathes,  bench 

The  establishment, 

one  .... 

60.00 

63.24 

25.00 

22.85 

15.00 

13.91 

Lathes,  engine 

The  establishment, 

one  .... 

27.50 

53.07 

20.00 

33.92 

52.50 

13.01 

Lathes,  wood-turning  . 

The  establishment, 

one  .... 

65.57 

55.86 

34.43 

34.85 

9.29 

Lathes,  wood-turning  . 

The  establishment, 

one  .... 

62.50 

52.83 

37.50 

37.74 

9.43 

Loom  harnesses,  . 

The  establishment, 

forty  thousand  sets 

34.68 

38.76 

60.00 

46.27 

5.32 

14.97 

Loom  harnesses,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  sets 

40.61 

39.36 

59.39 

39.24 

21.40 

Loom  harnesses,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  sets  . 

35.00 

66.08 

63.00 

29.57 

2.00 

4.35 

Loom  pickers, 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pounds 

41.67 

45.07 

58.33 

50.75 

4.18 

Loom  pickers, 

The  establishment, 

one  barrel 

16.28 

15.30 

83.72 

82.82 

1.88 

Looms,  carpet 

The  establishment, 

one  .... 

62.50 

57.11 

37.50 

31.33 

11.56 

Machinery,  carding 

The  establishment, 

one  machine  . 

27.22 

48.00 

58.33 

31.05 

14.45 

20.95 

Machines,  beating-out . 

The  establishment, 

one  .... 

60.00, 

61.47 

40.00 

34.20 

4.33 

Machines,  cloth-folding 

The  establishment, 

one  .... 

45.83 

57.94 

35.00 

25.44 

19.17 

16.62 

Machines,  drilling  (upright) 
The  establishment, 

twelve 

37.31 

65.03 

36.78 

27.45 

25.91 

7.52 

Machines,  leather-splitting  . 
The  establishment, 

one  .... 

60.00 

31.80 

40.00 

58.31 

9.89 

Machines,  milling 

The  establishment, 

one  .... 

40.00 

68.23 

20.00 

24.47 

40.00 

7.30 

Machines,  nail  (wire)  . 

The  establishment, 

one  .... 

68.00 

25.06 

32.00 

72.62 

2.32 

Machines,  polking 

The  establishment, 

one  . 

66.67 

8.29 

33.33 

56.05 

35.66 

46 


STATISTICS  OF  LABOR.  [Pub.  Doc, 


MACHINES  AND  MACHINERY  — Continued. 


Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for  — 


Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Quantities 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Machines,  putting  out  . 

The  establishment, 

one  .... 

48.00 

23.13 

52.00 

40.16 

36.71 

Machines,  washing 

The  establishment, 

one  .... 

40.00 

35.26 

60.00 

58.77 

5.97 

Machines,  washing 

The  establishment, 

one  .... 

33.33 

40.46 

66.67 

49.27 

10.27 

Machines,  woodworking 

The  establishment, 

one  .... 

53.33 

58.62 

26.67 

36.11 

20.00 

5.27 

Meters,  water 

The  establishment, 

one  .... 

26.32 

69.33 

57.89 

25.15 

15.79 

5.52 

Meters,  water 

The  establishment, 

one  .... 

55.56 

42.61 

44.44 

33.49 

23.90 

Packing,  combination  . 

The  establishment, 

one  pound 

76.00 

67.38 

24.00 

32.62 

- 

Parers,  apple 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen 

47.43 

30.03 

52.57 

61.42 

8.55 

Plates,  screen 

The  establishment, 

one  .... 

17.89 

21.08 

77.52 

72.88 

4.59 

6.04 

Presses,  printing  . 

The  establishment, 

one  .... 

60.00 

56.33 

40.00 

35.68 

7.99 

Pulleys,  .... 

The  establishment, 

one  .... 

58.33 

23.81 

41.67 

68.12 

8.07 

Pumps,  copper  . 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  . 

24.24 

19.89 

55.76 

40.52 

20.00 

39.59 

Radiators,  indirect 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  . 

31.25 

47.47 

62.50 

46.28 

6.25 

6.25 

Reeds,  weaving  . 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  . 

55.56 

47.21 

44.44 

42.25 

10.54 

Reeds,  weaving  . 

The  establishment, 

five  thousand  . 

28.65 

31.14 

31.15 

68.86 

40.20 

Roll  bars,  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  thousand  pounds 

16.67 

35.30 

83.33 

61.34 

3.36 

Rolls, 

The  establishment, 

twenty  thousand  . 

43.09 

43.09 

56.91 

56.91 

_ 

Rolls,  calender  . 

The  establishment. 

fourteen  . 

35.71 

24.19 

64.29 

62.03 

13.78 

Rolls,  drawing 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

16.67 

33.27 

83.33 

63.94 

2.79 

Rolls,  spinning  (long  ring)  . 
The  establishment, 

one  hundred  . 

40.00 

30.17 

60.00 

66.97 

2.86 

Saw  mills,  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  .... 

28.00 

59.88 

72.00 

32.77 

7.35 

Saw  mills,  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  .... 

33.33 

43.50 

66.67 

46.16 

10.34 

Shafting 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pounds 

60.00 

60.66 

40.00 

39.34 

_ 

Shuttles 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen 

33.33 

46.85 

66.67 

52.47 

0.68 

Shuttles,  .... 

The  establishment, 

• • 

one  dozen 

35.34 

37.45 

62.83 

36.21 

1.83 

26.34 

Soda  water  apparatus, 

The  establishment, 

one  .... 

64.40 

48.86 

30.28 

42.66 

5.32 

8.48 

Spindles,  cop 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

85.71 

75.26 

14.29 

18.99 

5.75 

Spoolers,  yarn 

The  establishment, 

one  .... 

40.00 

33.20 

35.56 

58.31 

24.44 

8.49 

Spools, 

The  establishment, 

• • 

one  thousand  . 

• 

56.25 

57.80 

43.75 

42.20 

- 

No.  15.]  WAGES:  COST  OF  PRODUCTION 


47 


MACHINES  AND  MACHINERY  — Concluded. 


Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for  — 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Stamps,  rubber  . 

The  establishment, 

one  line  three  inches  long 

60.00 

72.53 

40.00 

23.02 

4.45 

Taps,  plate  .... 
The  establishment, 

• 

one 

72.73 

58.54 

9.09 

20.71 

18.18 

20.75 

Valves,  safety  . 

The  establishment, 

one 

56.67 

39.03 

43.33 

20.32 

40.65 

Wheels,  turbine  . 

The  establishment, 

one  . . . 

70.59 

79.68 

29.41 

13.15 

7.17 

Wheels,  wood 

The  establishment, 

one 

40.00 

62.74 

46.67 

35.85 

13.33 

1.41 

Windlasses 

The  establishment, 

one 

40.00 

42.65 

60.00 

38.42 

18.93 

METALS 

AND  METALLIC  GOODS. 

Anchors, 

The  establishment, 

one  ton  .... 

50.00 

44.92 

50.00 

44.81 

10.27 

Anchors,  trawl 

The  establishment, 

five  tons  .... 

20.00 

28.03 

80.00 

70.08 

1.89 

Ball  cocks,  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  gross .... 

23.08 

46.49 

76.92 

40.79 

12.72 

Bars,  grate  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  ton  .... 

10.00 

37.15 

75.00 

57.06 

15.00 

5.79 

Blacksmithing, 

The  establishment, 

47.06 

35.88 

52.94 

57.42 

6.70 

Boilers,  stove 

The  establishment, 

• 

five  hundred  . 

20.00 

35.41 

80.00 

54.96 

9.63 

Boilers,  wash 

The  establishment, 

six 

25.00 

50.42 

75.00 

49.05 

0.53 

Boilers,  wash 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  . 

17.01 

26.10 

82.99 

61.36 

12.54 

Bracelets,  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  pair  .... 

50.00 

62.61 

50.00 

31.31 

6.08 

Broilers,  wire 

The  establishment, 

ten  dozen 

35.29 

39.79 

64.71 

50.65 

9.56 

Buttons,  .... 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  gross  . 

29.24 

22.75 

70.76 

77.25 

- 

Buttons,  suspender  (tin) 

The  establishment, 

ten  thousand,  eight  hundred 
gross 

66.51 

53.74 

33.49 

38.86 

7.40 

Cabinets,  oil  . 

The  establishment, 

twenty-five 

24.24 

41.70 

75.76 

49.52 

8.78 

Cans,  milk  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  hundred  . 

37.93 

51.19 

56.90 

45.38 

5.17 

3.43 

Cans,  shipping 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  . 

13.16 

35.64 

81.58 

64.36 

5.26 

Cans,  tin  .... 

The  establishment, 

twenty-four  . 

50.00 

37.92 

41.67 

58.75 

8.33 

3.33 

Cans,  tin  ... 

The  establishment, 

• 

one  hundred  thousand  . 

16.67 

17.65 

83.33 

80.47 

1.88 

Castings,  .... 

The  establishment, 

fifty-one  thousand  pounds 

25.41 

26.87 

68.14 

72.06 

6.45 

1.07 

Castings,  horse  rake  . 

The  establishment, 

one  ton  .... 

37.78 

41.54 

62.22 

43.85 

14.61 

Castings,  iron 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pounds 

44.44 

31.94 

55.56 

43.68 

24.38 

Castings,  iron 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pounds 

50.00 

47.35 

50.00 

42.51 

10.14 

48 


STATISTICS  OF  LABOR 


fPub.  Doc 


METALS  AND  METALLIC  GOODS  — Continued. 


Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for  — 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Castings,  iron 

The  establishment, 

one  ton 

26.67 

19.94 

44.44 

60.63 

28.89 

19.43 

Castings,  iron 

The  establishment, 

one  ton 

41.09 

42.50 

30.14 

38.61 

28.77 

18.89 

Castings,  iron 

The  establishment, 

one  ton 

37.50 

45.72 

62.50 

43.01 

11.27 

Castings,  iron 

The  establishment, 

one  ton 

40.00 

49.58 

60.00 

50.42 

_ 

Castings,  iron 

The  establishment, 

one  ton 

45.00 

41.34 

55.00 

54.35 

4.31 

Castings,  iron 

The  establishment, 

six  hundred  tons  . 

46.79 

41.47 

53.01 

46.97 

0.20 

11.56 

Castings,  machine  . . . 

The  establishment, 

five  hundred  pounds 

17.95 

22.83 

82.05 

70.00 

7.17 

Castings,  machine  .... 

The  establishment, 

one  ton 

45.42 

54.57 

54.58 

45.43 

- 

Castings,  machine  .... 

The  establishment, 

one  ton 

46.51 

51.43 

30.23 

34.72 

23.26 

13.85 

Chains,  gold-plated  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

44.17 

63.25 

45.83 

29.56 

10.00 

7.19 

Chains,  neck 

The  establishment, 

31.58 

33.77 

51.18 

66.23 

17.24 

Chains,  rolled-plate  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

62.50 

50.36 

37.50 

37.25 

12.39 

Chains,  vest  ...... 

The  establishment, 

53.30 

45.58 

46.70 

46.70 

7.72 

Chains,  vest  ...... 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

25.00 

41.86 

62.50 

54.52 

12.50 

3.62 

Chains,  vest  (gold-placed)  . 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

50.00 

37.31 

50.00 

58.35 

4.34 

Charms,  rolled -plate(for  watch  chains) 
The  establishment, 

eighteen  thousand  . . ; 

37.50 

42.86 

62.50 

57.14 

_ 

Checks  and  springs,  door  . 

The  establishment, 

five  thousand  .... 

18.29 

22.51 

54.74 

59.15 

26.97 

18.34 

Cioth,  wire 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  thousand  feet  . 

43.51 

23.76 

56.49 

75.33 

0.91 

Ear-drops, 

The  establishment, 

52.68 

52.68 

34.15 

34.15 

13.17 

13.17 

Ears,  pail 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  thousand  . 

15.38 

40.58 

84.62 

58.50 

0.92 

Eyelets 

The  establishment, 

one  million  .... 

26.00 

18.51 

70.00 

73.94 

4.00 

7.55 

Faucets,  brass 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

38.89 

38.68 

61.11 

53.52 

7.80 

Ferrules,  wire 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  .... 

26.92 

34.55 

69.23 

60.56 

3.85 

4.89 

Fittings,  pipe  (brass)  . . 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pounds 

32.35 

39.40 

67.65 

39.22 

21.38 

Furnaces, 

The  establishment, 

one 

34.29 

44.12 

65.71 

44.14 

11.74 

Gold  foil 

The  establishment, 

one  ounce  .... 

8.70  ■ 
5.43 

91.30 

91.57 

- 

Gold  leaf 

The  establishment, 

one  package  .... 

22.50 

23.59 

' 72.50 
76.41 

5.00 

Gold  leaf, 

The  establishment, 

ten  packages  .... 

25.85 

29.58 

73.17 

70.33 

0.98 

0.09 

Handles,  coffin 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  pairs 

31.62 

38.80 

36.00 

41.94 

32.38 

19.26 

No.  15.]  WAGES:  COST*  OF  PRODUCTION 


49 


METALS  AND  METALLIC  GOODS  — Continued. 


Percentages  ok 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for— 


Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Quantities 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Hangers,  door  ("iron)  .... 

four  thousand,  two  hundred 

and  fifty-three 

46.95 

53.05 

- 

The  establishment, 

42.72 

48.25 

9.03 

Holders,  eyeglass  (brass)  . 

one  gross  .... 

57.14 

42.86 

_ 

The  establishment, 

58.76 

41.24 

- 

Horseshoeing 

four  shoes  .... 

31.03 

68.97 

- 

The  establishment, 

31.03 

68.97 

- 

Horseshoeing 

four  shoes  .... 

52.00 

48.00 

- 

The  establishment, 

29.38 

60.09 

10.53 

Horseshoeing 

four  shoes  .... 

33.33 

66.67 

- 

The  establishment, 

36.36 

60.00 

3.64 

Horseshoeing, 

four  shoes  .... 

50.00 

50.00 

- 

The  establishment, 

63.24 

33.73 

3.03. 

Horseshoes,  . . 

one  hundred  .... 

20.59 

79.41 

_ 

The  establishment, 

84.46 

8.50 

7.04 

Hose  couplings 

one 

25.00 

75.00 

The  establishment, 

31.12 

45.35 

23*53 

Iron,  bar 

one  ton 

17.65 

I 70.59 

11.76 

The  establishment, 

19.28 

80.20 

0.52 

Iron,  bar 

one  ton 

19.35 

64.52 

16.13 

The  establishment, 

20.15 

78.78 

1.07 

Iron,  bar  (merchant)  .... 

one  ton 

28.24 

68.82 

2.94 

The  establishment, 

28.41 

67.08 

4.51 

Iron,  galvanized 

one  hundred  pounds 

45.19 

54.81 

_ 

The  establishment, 

38.59 

46.94 

j 14.47 

Iron,  tunnel 

four  and  one-half  tons  . 

68.25 

31.75 

_ 

The  establishment, 

65.63 

34.37 

| 

Jewelry,  ...... 

50.02 

20.00 

29.98 

The  establishment, 

63.99 

30.14 

5.87 

Jewelry, 

76.54 

19.72 

3.74 

The  establishment, 

63.01 

23.51 

13.48 

Keys, 

! two  thousand,  two  hundred 

j and  fifty  ke\rs 

66.67 

33.33 

_ 

The  establishment, 

. 

29.51 

55.74 

14.75 

Knives,  . . * 

one  dozen  .... 

75.42 

24.58 

_ 

The  establishment, 

| 

71.86 

15.82 

12.32 

Knives,  table 

one  dozen  .... 

88.75 

11.25 

The  establishment, 

51.87 

37.65 

10.48 

Knives,  table 

one  hundred  gross  . 

61.54 

38.46 

_ 

The  establishment, 

72.24 

24.92 

2.84 

Knobs,  steel  (nickel-plated) 

one  thousand  .... 

33.76 

48.76 

17.48 

The  establishment, 

28.92 

62.87 

8.21 

Letters,  steel 

thirty 

80.07 

18.56 

1.37 

The  establishment, 

9.49 

88.52 

1.99 

Nails, 

one  keg 

39.11 

60.89 

The  establishment, 

35.09 

57.48 

7 .43 

Nails,  horse 

one  thousand  pounds 

16.54 

57.90 

25.56 

The  establishment, 

21.44 

64.12 

14.44 

Nails,  horse 

sixteen  hundred  tons 

28.57 

57.14 

14.29 

The  establishment, 

36.16 

57.13 

6.71 

Nails,  iron  (cut) 

one  keg 

31.43 

53.57 

15.00 

The  establishment, 

33.76 

61.19 

5.05 

Needles, 

one  thousand  .... 

85.00 

15.00 

The  establishment, 

42.94 

57.06 

Needles, 

one  thousand  .... 

85.00 

15.00 

The  establishment, 

65.95 

24.50 

9.55 

Needles,  knitting-machine  . 

one  thousand  . 

57.14 

15.00 

27.86 

The  establishment, 

71.50 

20.12 

8.38 

50 


STATISTICS  OF  LABOR.  [Pub.  Doc 


METALS  AND  METALLIC  GOODS  — Continued. 


Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Quantities 

Percentages  of 

Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for  — 

Wages 

Raw 
Ma- 
terials ' 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Needles,  knitting-machine  . 
The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

85.71 

79.03 

14.29 

10.77 

10.20 

Needles,  sewing-machine  . 
The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

75.00 

85.05 

15.00 

8.60 

10.00 
- 6.35 

Needles,  sewing-machine  . 
The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

73.33 

68.78 

26.67 

14.82 

16.40 

Needles,  sewing-machine  . 
The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

77.14 

77.13 

22.86 

14.74 

8.13 

Pails,  milk  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  dozen 

37.50 

41.32 

62.50 

44.35 

14.33 

Pails,  milk  (strainer)  . 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  . 

31.82 

39.03 

68.18 

60.97 

_ 

Panels,  furniture  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  square  feet 

80.00 

37.58 

20.00 

16.97 

45.45 

Pens  (gold)  and  pen  holders, 
The  establishment, 

one  .... 

30.00 

41.25 

70.00 

55.81 

2.94 

Pins,  bar  (ladies’) 

The  establishment, 

one  gross . 

73.28 

53.84 

26.72 

37.85 

8.31 

Pins  (jewelry), 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen 

75.00 

59.46 

25.00 

31.40 

9 -.14 

Pins, lace  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  dozen 

34.37 

34.37 

52.74 

52.74 

12.89 

12.89 

Pins,  scarf  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  dozen 

20.00 

31.98 

80.00 

37.91 

30.11 

Pipe,  iron  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  ton  . 

41.52 

37.66 

58.48 

50.76 

11.58 

Pipe,  tin  ... 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  feet  . 

26.67 

44.41 

73.33 

45.37 

10.22 

Plated  stock,  gold 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  ounces 

6.00 

92.00 

98.38 

2.00 

1.62 

Pots,  coffee  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  gross . 

33.33 

32.43 

66.67 

67.57 

- 

Pots,  coffee  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  gross . 

41.67 

50.84 

58.18 

30.48 

0.15 

18.68 

Razors 

The  establishment, 

one  gross . 

58.33 

70.27 

16.67 

15.14 

25.00 

14.59 

Rivets, 

The  establishment, 

one  pound 

16.67 

22.30 

66.66 

54.42 

16.67 

23.28 

Rivets 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pounds 

35.72 

41.82 

53.57 

51.31 

10.71 

6.87 

Rivets, 

The  establishment, 

one  ton  . 

20.00 

32.80 

80.00 

53.03 

14.17 

Rivets, 

The  establishment, 

one  ton  . 

14.22 

25.85 

85.31 

61.56 

0.47 

12.59 

Rivets 

The  establishment, 

one  ton  . 

20.00 

32.78 

80.00 

52.70 

14.52 

Roll  bars 

The  establishment, 

one  ton  . 

22.22 

24.77 

77.78 

72.43 

2.80 

Roofing,  tin  . 

The  establishment, 

forty-nine  squares  . 

28.57 

29.32 

71.43 

68.56 

2.12 

Scales 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  and 
pounds . . . 

forty-six 

19.23 

69.99 

30.77 

26.92 

50.00 

3.09 

Scales,  special 

The  establishment, 

one  .... 

80.00 

75.92 

20.00 

9.09 

14.99 

Screws,  chair 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  . 

28.95 

28.06 

39.47 

62.38 

31.58 

9.56 

Screws,  clinching  (brass)  . 
The  establishment, 

one  pound 

20.00 

15.30 

56.00 

66.26 

24.00 

18.44 

No.  15.]  WAGES:  COST  OF  PKODUCTXON 


51 


METALS  AND  METALLIC  GOODS  — Continued. 


Percentages  of 

Total  Cost  of  Production 

Names  of  Articles 

Quantities 

Paid  for 

— 

ETC. 

Raw 

Expenses 

Wages 

Ma- 

(not 

terials 

specified) 

Screws,  iron  (for  wood) 

one  gross .... 

50.00 

50.00 

The  establishment, 

39.07 

43.07 

17.86 

Screws,  iron  (for  wood) 

one  gross .... 

28.17 

70.42 

1.41 

The  establishment, 

29.24 

61.54 

9.22 

Setting  instruments,  . 

one  thousand  . 

45.00 

30.00 

25.00 

The  establishment, 

80.14 

6.50 

13.36 

Shears 

one  dozen 

70.57 

29.43 

_ 

The  establishment, 

54.55 

20.74 

24.71 

Sheathing,  yellow-metal 

one  pound 

30.64 

67.40 

1.96 

The  establishment, 

16.63 

76.61 

6.76 

Sieves,  flour  . 

one  dozen 

10.53 

89.47 

_ 

The  establishment, 

42.17 

53.17 

4.66 

Sieves,  wire  . 

one  hundred  dozen 

31.37 

62.75 

5.88 

The  establishment, 

34.83 

62.71 

2.46 

Sleigh  shoes, 

four  tons  .... 

16.67 

83.33 

_ 

The  establishment, 

54.67 

37.13 

8.20 

Speaking  tubes,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  feet  . 

11.11 

74.45 

14.44 

17.52 

76.85 

5.63 

Spikes 

one  ton  .... 

13.74 

74.00 

12.26 

The  establishment, 

15.44 

80.21 

4.35 

Staples 

The  establishment, 

one  ton  .... 

23.08 

61.54 

15.38 

15.11 

73.26 

11.63 

Steels,  butcher 

one  dozen 

33.33 

66.67 

_ 

The  establishment, 

86.99 

7.43 

5.58 

Stoves,  . 

one 

50.00 

50.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

32.43 

67.57 

- 

Stoves,  .... 

one 

16.67 

83.33 

_ 

The  establishment, 

40.19 

52.55 

7.26 

Strainers, 

one  gross .... 

50.00 

50.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

49.73 

49.73 

0.54 

Tableware,  sterling  silver 

one  ounce 

20.69 

79.31 

_ 

The  establishment, 

23.37 

68.55 

8.08 

Tacks,  . . 

one  pound 

50.00 

50.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

29.75 

70.25 

- 

Tacks  and  nails,  shoe  . 

eighty-six  tons 

22.95 

31.82 

45.23 

The  establishment, 

42.31 

54.74 

2.95 

Teapots, 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen 

44.46 

55.54 

_ 

31.13 

26.12 

42.75 

Tinware, 

one  thousand  articles 

12.50 

• 62.50 

25.00 

The  establishment, 

52.04 

33.86 

14.10 

Type,  metal-bodied 

eighteen  thousand,  seven  hun- 

dred  fonts  . 

34.71 

42.42 

22.87 

The  establishment, 

42.60 

45.55 

11.85 

Wire,  .... 

one  hundred  and  sixty-three 

tons  .... 

25.79 

55.11 

19.10 

The  establishment, 

31.12 

66.94 

1.94 

Wire,  card  . 

one  ton  .... 

42.22 

57.78 

_ 

The  establishment, 

31.16 

65.70 

3.14 

Wire,  card  (tempered  steel) 

one  hundred  pounds 

33.33 

66.67 

_ 

The  establishment, 

27.39 

44.54 

28.07 

Wire,  fine 

one  ton  .... 

50.00 

50.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

39.59 

53.98 

6.43 

Wire,  iron 

one  pound 

40.74 

55.56 

3.70 

The  establishment, 

37.26 

60.59 

2.15 

Wire,  mattress 

one  ton  .... 

33.50 

66.50 

_ 

The  establishment, 

31.81 

68.19 

- 

Wire  cloth,  Fourdrinier 

two  hundred  square  feet 

45.45 

54.55 

_ 

The  establishment, 

36.24 

56.95 

6.81 

52 


STATISTICS  OF  LABOR.  [Pub.  Doc, 


METALS  AND  METALLIC  GOODS  — Concluded. . 


Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for  — 

Wages 

Raw 
Ma- 
terials ■ 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Wires,  bonnet 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  dozen 

7.69 

10.80 

80.69 

83.15 

11.62 

6.05 

Wires,  bonnet  (cotton-covered)  . 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  dozen 

2.78 

1.89 

97.22 

88.66 

9.45 

MIXED  TEXTILES. 


Felting 

The  establishment, 

one  square  foot 

20.83 

10.62 

62.50 

84.63 

16.67 

4.75 

Flannel,  shaker  (cotton  warp)  . 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  thousand  yards 

19.35 

25.58 

18.97 

67.87 

61.68 

6.55 

Linings,  boot 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  yards 

13.04 

10.59 

78.26 

87.30 

8.70 

2.11 

Velours, 

The  establishment, 

fifty  yards  .... 

35.29 

19.20 

41.18 

63.74 

23.53 

17.06 

Waste,  wiping  and  packing 

The  establishment, 

one ’on  

4.76 

7.54' 

95.24 

87.07 

5.39 

MODELS  AND  PATTERNS. 


Patterns, 

one  set 

15.38 

84.62 

_ 

The  establishment, 

61*.  51 

30.53 

7.96 

MUSICAL  INSTRUMENTS  AND  MATERIALS. 


Banjos, 

The  establishment, 

one 

44.44 

19.51 

55.56 

60.54 

19.95 

Boards,  organ-reed  . . 

The  establishment, 

Cases,  piano 

one  thousand  octave  boards 

two  thousand,  five  hundred 

65.00 

36.19 

35.00 

57.58 

6.23 

The  establishment, 

and  ninety -four  . 

36.30 

36.96 

51.97 

52.92 

11.73 

10.12 

Music  stands, 

The  establishment, 

one 

50.00 

20.17 

50.00 

79.83 

- 

Music  stands, 

The  establishment, 

one 

50.00 

30.09 

50.00 
60.18  ; 

9.73 

Organs,  church  * 

The  establishment, 

one 

50.00 

66.97 

16.67 

29.53 

33.33 

3.50 

Organs,  reed 

The  establishment, 

one 

55.00 

47.65 

45.00 

40.57 

11.78 

Organs,  reed  (cabinet) 

The  establishment, 

one  . . . . ’ . 

31.51 

35.35 

36.67 

41.17 

31.82 

23.48 

Organs,  reed  (double)  .... 
The  establishment, 

one 

48.00 

39.09 

13.71 

57.15 

38.29- 

3.76 

Piano  tops, 

The  establishment, 

one 

30.23 

50.64 

69.77 

48.09 

1.27 

Pianos, 

The  establishment, 

one 

33.33 

28.44 

60.00 

63.17 

6.67 

8.39 

Pianos, 

The  establishment, 

one 

64.67 

48.41 

35.33 

40.34 

_ 

j 11.25 

Pianos, 

The  establishment, 

one  ...... 

40.62 

33.15 

59.38 

58.41 

) 8.44 

Pianos, 

The  establishment, 

ten  . 

54.05 

47.62 

40.54 

38.09 

i 5.41 

1 14.29 

No.  15.]  WAGES:  COST  OF  PRODUCTION 


53 


MUSICAL  INSTRUMENTS  AND  MATERIALS  — Concluded. 


Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for  — 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Pianos, 

The  establishment, 

eight  hundred 

34.53 

27.44 

53.88 

60.22 

11.59 

12.34 

Sharps, 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  .... 

43.75 

19.09 

56.25 

80.91 

- 

Sharps,  organ 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  sets  . 

66.67 

63.49 

33.33 

25.40 

11.11 

OILS  AND  ILLUMINATING  FLUIDS. 


Oil, 

one  barrel  .... 

6.79 

67.50 

25.71 

The  establishment, 

5.92 

92.14 

1.94 

PAINTS,  COLORS,  AND  CRUDE  CHEMICALS. 


Copperas, 

The  establishment, 

three  thousand,  one  hundred 
and  eighty -five  tons  . 

22.91 

33.91 

41.66 

54.32 

35.43 

11.77 

Japan  black. 

The  establishment, 

one  pound  .... 

23.53 

13.78 

70.59 

71.14 

5.88 

15.08 

Paint,  green  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  pounds 

! 10.00 

10.98 

90.00 

84.75 

4.27 

Paints,  mixed 

The  establishment, 

one  gallon  .... 

10.00 

8.63 

90.00 

82.55 

8.82 

PAPER 

AND  PAPER  GOODS. 

Bags,  paper  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  .... 

| 20.00 
6.50 

72.50 

87.36 

7.50 

6.14 

Card-mounts, 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  .... 

17.50 

54.78 

48.80 

36.29 

33.70 

8.93 

Envelopes,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

13.33 

9.70 

86.67 

85.20 

5.10 

Envelopes,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

10.00 

26.94 

65.00 

60.28 

25.00 

12.78 

Envelopes,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

18.69 

16.54 

81.31 

81.05 

2.41 

Envelopes,  . 

The  establishment, 

three  hundred  and  forty-three 
million  . 

13.32 

14.33 

77.41 

83.29 

9.27 

2.38 

Felt,  roofing  . 

The  establishment, 

one  ton  . 

13.54 

16.94 

58.33 

69.67 

28.13 

13.39 

Friezes,  hand-made 

The  establishment, 

ten  rolls 

66.67 

38.76 

33.33 

54.81 

6.43 

Hangings,  paper  . 

The  establishment, 

one  ton 

14.45 

21.89 

72.22 

59.63 

13.33 

18.48 

Hangings,  paper  . 

The  establishment, 

one  ton  . . . • . 

15.00 

14.48 

65.00 

75.46 

20.00 

10.06 

Leatherette,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  roll 

17.39 

18.18 

82.61 

67.36 

14.46 

Paper,  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  thousand  pounds 

12.86 

12.63 

68.57 

76.16 

18.57 

11.21 

Paper 

The  establishment, 

one  ton 

15.72 

16.69 

67.14 

70.02 

17.14 

13.29 

54 


STATISTICS  OF  LABOR.  [Pub.  Doc 


PAPER  AND  PAPER  GOODS  — Continued. 


Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for — 

.NAMES  OF  ARTICLES,  ETC. 

Quantities 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Paper, 

The  establishment, 

one  ton  . 

16.67 

18.01 

72.50 

77.27 

10.83 

4.72 

Paper 

The  establishment, 

one  ton  . 

25.00 

23.23 

47.50 

63.48 

27.50 

13.29 

Paper, 

The  establishment, 

one  ton  . 

15.77 

15.53 

84.23 

83.02 

1.45 

Paper 

The  establishment, 

one  ton  . 

12.50 

16.52 

87.50 

79.88 

3.60 

Paper 

The  establishment, 

three  tons 

29.41 

20.48 

70.59 

72.41 

7.11 

Paper,  book  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  ton  . 

15.38 

20.50 

50.00 

76.17 

34.62 

3.33 

Paper,  building  . 

The  establishment, 

one  ton  . 

50.00 

14.22 

50.00 

79.94 

5.84 

Paper,  carpet-lining  . 

The  establishment, 

one  ton  . 

17.86 

18.96 

75.00 

69.11 

7.14 

11.93 

Paper,  collar 

The  establishment, 

one  pound 

21.43 

15.16 

78.57 

67.38 

17.46 

Paper  (for  glazing),  . 

The  establishment, 

one  pound 

11.77 

12.62 

76.47 

80.01 

11.76 

7.37 

Paper,  glazed 

The  establishment, 

one  ream  . 

27.27 

12.64 

72.73 

77.63 

9.73 

Paper,  glazed 

The  establishment, 

one  ream  . 

33.33 

18.40 

66. 67 
76.38 

5.22 

Paper,  ledger  and  record  . 
The  establishment, 

one  ton  . 

25.33 

25.20 

74.67 

70.30 

4.50 

Paper,  ledger  and  writing  . 
The  establishment, 

five  hundred  tons  . 

23.27 

24.26 

57.63 

63.16 

19.10 

12.58 

Paper,  manila 

The  establishment, 

one  ton  . 

15.45 

13.55 

84.55 

70.91 

15.54 

Paper,  manila 

The  establishment, 

forty  tons 

16.79 

19.17 

83.21 

79.47 

1.36 

Paper,  music 

The  establishment, 

one  foot  . 

44.45 

57.22 

33.33 

22.27 

22.22 

20.51 

Paper,  news  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  ton  . 

14.70 

14.60 

64.71 

71.95 

20.59 

13.45 

Paper,  news  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  ton  . 

9.28 

10.29 

90.72 

84.29 

5.42 

Paper,  news  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  ton  . 

13.83 

18.45 

86.17 

67.00 

14.55 

Paper,  plate  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  ream  . 

27.27 

17.07 

70.91 

71.00 

1.82 

11.93 

Paper,  press  board 

The  establishment, 

one  pound 

28.57 

31.56 

71.43 

53.05 

15.39 

Paper,  printing  . 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pounds 

17.34 

20.17 

65.69 

74.26 

16.97 

5.57 

Paper,  printing  . 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pounds 

17.36 

18.12 

64.84 

55.52 

17.80 

26.36 

Paper,  roofing 

The  establishment, 

one  ton  . 

19.86 

19.08 

80.14 

77.01 

3.91 

Paper,  rope  (manila)  . 

The  establishment, 

one  ton  . 

13.22 

14.55 

67.80 

74.57 

18.98 

10.88 

Paper,  rope  (manila)  . 

The  establishment, 

one  ton  . 

11.52 

12.05 

69.09 

76.07 

19.39 

11.88 

Paper,  rope  (manila)  . 

The  establishment, 

three  hundred  and  thirty- 
seven  thousand,  four  hun- 
dred and  seventy  pounds  . 

23.71 

22.68 

76.29 

72.98 

4.34 

No.  15.]  WAGES:  COST  OF  PEODUCTION 


55 


PAPER  AND  PAPER  GOODS  — Concluded. 


• 

Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for — 

Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Paper,  sheathing  . 
The  establishment, 

one  ton 

33.33 

11.75 

55.56 

88.25 

11.11 

Paper,  wrapping  . 
The  establishment, 

one  ton 

10.91 

11.62 

80.00 

81.44 

9.09 

6.94 

Paper,  wrapping  . 
The  establishment, 

one  ton 

15.18 

14.10 

78.57 

74.47 

6.25 

11.43 

Paper,  writing 

The  establishment, 

one  pound 

16.67 

14.99 

83.33 

77.93 

7.08 

Paper,  writing 

The  establishment, 

one  pound 

14.29 

18.32 

85.71 

74.13 

7.55 

Paper,  writing 

The  establishment, 

one  pound 

22.73 

22.20 

77.27 

69.51 

8.29 

Paper,  writing 

The  establishment, 

one  pound 

31.85 

26.67 

68.15 

52.98 

20.35 

Paper,  writing 

The  establishment, 

one  ton  . 

30.00 

25.29 

30.00 

66.24 

40.00 

8.47 

Paper,  writing 

The  establishment, 

one  ton  . 

6 

20.00 

19.91 

40.00 

73.99 

40.00 

6.10 

Paper,  writing 

The  establishment, 

one  pound 

18.18 

22.88 

63.64 

65.52 

18.18 

11.60 

Paper,  writing 

The  establishment, 

one  pound 

48.89 

16.93 

51.11 

76.42 

6.65 

Paper,  writing 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pounds 

21.98 

25.88 

57.65 

67.45 

20.37 

6.67 

Paper,  writing 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pounds 

24.48 

19.76 

67.67 

61.43 

7.85 

18.81 

Paper,  writing^ 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  pounds 

23.59 

24.07 

67.86 

66.49 

8.55 

9.44 

Paper,  writing 

The  establishment, 

one  ton  . 

23.81 

28.65 

71.43 

62.99 

4.76 

8.36 

Tags, 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  thousand 

27.78 

18.63 

72.22 

77.12 

4.25 

Wood  pulp,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  ton  . 

22.58 

35.46 

25.81 

26.99 

51.61 

37.55 

PERFUMES, 

TOILET  ARTICLES,  ETC. 

Perfume  extracts,  .... 

The  establishment, 

one  pound  .... 

7.50 

27.37 

92.50 

72.63 

PHOTOGRAPHS  AND  PHOTOGRAPHIC  MATERIALS. 


Photographs, 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

35.00 

59.46 

32.00 

16.83 

33.00 

23.71 

Photographs, 

The  establishment, 

"one  dozen  .... 

50.00 

41.38 

50.00 

22.76 

35.86 

Photographs,  cabinet  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

28.57 

36.06 

28.57 

32.73 

42.86 

31.21 

Portraits,  crayon 

The  establishment, 

one 

50.00 

38.84 

15.00 

25.53 

35.00 

35.63 

POLISHES  AND  DRESSING. 


Blacking 

one  hundred  barrels 

11.67 

86.54 

1.79 

The  establishment, 

11.27 

85.93 

2.80 

STATISTICS  OF  LABOR.  [Pub.  Doc 


5f> 


POLISHES  AND  DRESSING  — Concluded. 


Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Quantities 

Percentage^  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for  — 

Wages 

Raw 
Ma- 
terials ' 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Crucibles, 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  .... 

22.70 

20.85 

77.30 

68.13 

11.02 

Dressing,  leather  .... 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  gallons 

0.87 

6.58 

86.96 

78.41 

12.17 

15.01 

Ink,  burnishing  ..... 
The  establishment, 

one  thousand  gallons 

16.67 

10.38 

83.33 

64.66 

24.96 

Varnish,  ...... 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  gallons 

10.42 

4.32 

89.58 

91.25 

4.43 

Whiting 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  tons  . 

25.00 

28.59 

52.50 

66.17 

22.50 

5.24 

PRINTING,  PUBLISHING,  AND  BOOKBINDING. 


Diaries, 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

46.67 

38.95 

53.33 

45.60 

15.45 

RAILROAD  CONSTRUCTION. 

Forgings, 

The  establishment, 

one  ton  . . . . ' . 1 

50.00 

49.82 

50.00 

49.82 

0.36 

RUBBER 

AND  ELASTIC  GOODS. 

Belting,  rubber 

The  establishment, 

one  pound 

11.54 

10.89 

88.46 
•7  5.99 

13.12 

Boots,  heavy  (short,  men’s) 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pairs  . 

23.26 

26.65 

76.74 

71.97 

1.38 

Car-step  treads,  rubber 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen 

17.65 

25.31 

70.59 

56.70 

11.76 

17.99 

Rubber,  old  (ground)  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  ton 

15.39 

11.52 

46.15 

73.43 

38.46 

15.05 

Web,  elastic 

The  establishment, 

one  gross  yards 

30.30 

24.02 

67l23 

8.75 

Web,  elastic 

The  establishment, 

one  gross  yards 

30.67 

21.73 

48.33 

74.56 

21.00 

3.71 

SALT. 

Salt, 

The  establishment, 

one  bushel  . . . _ . 

100.00 

52.23 

- 

1 - 

| 47.77 

1 

SCIENTIFIC  INSTRUMENTS  AND  APPLIANCES. 


Artificial  legs,  ..... 

one 

66.00 

34.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

75.92 

19.89 

4.19 

Compasses,  mariners’  .... 
The  establishment, 

one 

55.83 

43.03 

1.14 

55.41 

44.26 

0.33 

Elastic  stockings,  .... 

two  pairs 

55.56 

44.44 

- 

The  establishment, 

- 

98.43 

1.57 

Forceps, 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

77.78 

22.22 

- 

91.47 

8.53 

- 

Spectacles,  steel  ..... 
The  establishment, 

one  dozen  . 

60.61 

24.79 

14.60 

31.67 

56.99 

11.34 

No.  15.]  WAGES:  COST  OF  PRODUCTION.  57 

SILK  AND  SILK  GOODS. 


Names  of  Articles-,  etc. 

Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for — 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Machine  twist, 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  pounds 

17.00 

18.63 

76.25 

76.92 

4^45 

Silk  thread, 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pounds 

12.50 

16.98 

63.00 

78.63 

24.50 

4.39 

Woven  goods, 

The  establishment, 

one  yard 

27.78 

35.63 

72.22 

63.85 

0.52 

SPORTING  AND  ATHLETIC  GOODS. 


Fishing  rods, 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

50.00 

51.80 

50.00 

40.56 

7.64 

Skates,  roller 

The  establishment, 

one  pair 

26.67 

30.96 

60.00 

42.11 

13.33 

26.93 

Skates,  roller 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pairs  . 

22.50 

39.29 

77.50 

46.68 

14.03 

Skates,  roller 

The  establishment, 

three  thousand  pairs 

20.00 

19.48 

76.00 

78.11 

4.00 

2.41 

STONE. 


Ashlar,  rough 

one  cubic  foot 

88.00 

12.00 

The  establishment, 

65.72 

21.85 

12.43 

Cemetery  work,  . 

one  post  .... 

45.45 

54.55 

_ 

The  establishment, 

54.84 

45.04 

0.12 

Curbstones,  . 

one  hundred  feet  . 

90.48 

9.52 

_ 

The  establishment, 

80.06 

19.94 

- 

Curbstones,  . 

one  thousand  feet  . 

92.00 

8.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

97.11 

2.89 

- 

Flint,  . 

one  ton  .... 

6.98 

93.02 

_ 

The  establishment, 

45.90 

40.05 

14.05 

Freestone, 

one  ton  .... 

43.01 

49.10 

7.89 

The  establishment, 

42.55 

48.58 

8.87 

Freestone,  dressed 

one  cubic  foot 

20.00 

52.00 

28.00 

The  establishment, 

37.50 

62.50 

- 

Furniture-tops,  marble 

one  thousand  square  feet 

41.67 

58.33 

_ 

The  establishment, 

45.19 

50.20 

4.61 

Granite, 

one  foot  .... 

55.56 

44.44 

_ 

The  establishment, 

46.15 

53.85 

- 

Granite,  fine  . 

one  surface  foot 

50.00 

50.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

98.35 

1.65 

- 

Granite,  finished  . 

one  thousand  square  feet 

75.00 

25.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

55.97 

42.19 

1.84 

Granite,  quarried  . 

one  thousand  tons  . 

96.97 

3.03 

_ 

The  establishment, 

96.90 

3.03 

0.07 

Headstones,  marble 

one 

46.88 

30.00 

23.12 

The  establishment, 

60.78 

37.99 

1.23 

Monuments,  . 

one 

25.00 

75.00 

The  establishment, 

27.92 

70.59 

1.49 

Monuments,  . 

one 

50.00 

25.00 

25.00 

The  establishment, 

86.71 

7.95 

5.34 

Monuments,  . 

one  . . . ■ . 

28.57 

71.43 

- 

The  establishment, 

65.09 

17.90 

17. 0T 

Monuments,  granite 

two  hundred  . 

61.72 

29.92 

8.36 

The  establishment, 

78.41 

21.15 

0.44 

58 


STATISTICS  OF  LABOR.  [Pub.  Doc 


STONE  — Concluded. 


!Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for— 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Monuments,  granite  .... 
The  establishment, 

one 

81.82 

68.30 

18.18 

28.65 

. 3.05 

Sandstone,  cut 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  cubic  feet  . 

40.00 

60.92 

46.67 

38.59 

13.33 

0.49 

Sandstone,  rough 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  cubic  feet  . 

86.67 

89.98 

13.33 

3.89 

6.13 

Stone,  cut 

The  establishment, 

one  foot 

53.57 

79.95 

42.86 

20.05 

3.57 

Stone, cut  

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  cubic  feet  . 

15.00 

56.68 

25.00 

41.23 

60.00 

2.09 

Tablets,  grave 

The  establishment, 

forty 

57.14 

50.63 

42.86 

49.37 

: 

Tablets,  marble 

one  hundred  .... 

80.00 

20.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

54.05 

45.95 

- 

Tubs,  soapstone 

The  establishment, 

one  set 

27.78 

38.11 

72.22 

57.63 

4.26 

STRAW  AND  PALM  LEAF  GOODS. 


Hats,  Canton 

The  establishment, 

fifteen  dozen  .... 

20.00 

16.83 

80.00 

77.45 

5.72 

Hats,  palm  leaf 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

57.14 

30.77 

42.86 

68.38 

0.85 

Hats,  straw 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

25.00 

20.04 

75.00 

77.26 

2.70 

Hats,  straw 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

33.33 

30.34 

66.67 

51.91 

17.75 

Hats,  straw 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

50.00 

36.81 

50.00 

60.88 

2.31 

TALLOW,  CANDLES,  SOAP,  AND  GREASE. 


Candles, 

one  pound  .... 

4.17 

95.83 

The  establishment, 

4.01 

93.94 

2.05 

Soap,  

one  hundred  pounds 

8.00 

66.67 

25.33 

The  establishment, 

14.33 

79.46 

6.21 

Soap,  mineral 

one  box 

10.53 

89.47 

_ 

The  establishment, 

33.16 

60.80 

6.04 

Soap,  soft 

The  establishment, 

six  barrels  .... 

33.33 

66.67 

_ 

52.90 

43.64 

3.46 

Soap,  soft 

twenty  barrels 

12.50 

75.00 

12.50 

The  establishment, 

38.66 

61.34 

- 

Soap,  textile  . . . . . 

nine  hundred  and  eighty  tons 

8.59 

61.36 

30.05 

The  establishment, 

9.39 

67.06 

23.55 

Soap  powder 

one  pound  .... 

7.14 

57.14 

35.72 

The  establishment, 

6.68 

92.88 

0.44 

Soap  powder,  ..... 

fourteen  hundred  pounds 

22.22 

77.78 

- 

The  establishment, 

24.51 

75.49 

- 

Tallow, 

three  hundred  and  fifty  thou- 
sand pounds 

4.80 

93.51 

1.69 

The  establishment, 

15.55 

82.20 

2.25 

Tallow, 

one  ton  ..... 

51.67 

48.33 

_ 

The  establishment, 

33.26 

62.37 

4.37 

Tallow  oil, 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pounds 

6.25 

93.75 

_ 

7.42 

91.97 

0.61 

No.  15.]  WAGES:  COST  OF  PRODUCTION 


59 


TOBACCO,  SNUFF,  AND  CIGARS. 


Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for  — 


Names  of  Articles 

ETC. 

Quantities 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Cheroots,  seed 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

30.77 

35.84 

53.23 

62.83 

16.00 

1.33 

Cigars,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

47.43 

47.45 

52.57 

52.55 

: 

Cigars,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

32.50 

34.25 

62.50 

60.71 

5.00 

5.04 

Cigars,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

50.00 

67.15 

50.00 

32.85 

: 

Cigars,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

42.86 

41.63 

57.14 

5T.27 

7.10 

Cigars,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

55.56 

47.37 

44.44 

52.63 

_ 

Cigars,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

31.11 

30.02 

44.45 

56.94 

24.44 

13.04 

Cigars,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

50.00 

16.36 

50.00 

81.82 

1.82 

Cigars,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

31.44 

45.28 

38.00 

54.72 

30.56 

Cigars,  . . - 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

35.42 

13.61 

64.58 

79.04 

7.35 

Cigars,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

45.00 

51.18 

40.00 

48.82 

15.00 

Cigars,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

27.08 

50.41 

56.25 

49.59 

16.67 

Cigars,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

50.00 

68.00 

27.78 

32.00 

22.22 

Cigars,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

30.77 

36.75 

55.77 

60.78 

13.46 

2.47 

Cigars,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

41.67 

34.72 

45.83 

62.30 

12.50 

2.98 

Cigars,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

52.17 

41.24 

47.83 

56.50 

2.26 

Cigars,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

48.00 

42.98 

20.00 

51.05 

32.00 

5.97 

Cigars,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

26.92 

29.14 

57.69 

67.59 

15.39 

3.27 

Cigars,  . 

The  establishment, 

• • 

one  thousand  . 

26. '67 
39.03 

73.33 

57.62 

3.35 

Cigars,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

33.33 

36.17 

50.00 

47.24 

16.67 

16.59 

Cigars,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

25.00 

32.32 

67.86 

53.86 

7.14 

13.82 

Cigars,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

37.50 

60.61 

62.50 

39.12 

0.27 

Cigars,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

28.26 

29.83 

71.74 

70.17 

- 

Cigars,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

55.56 

52.08 

44.44 

41.67 

6.25 

Cigars,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

44.44 

27.78- 

95.61 

27.78 

4.39 

Cigars,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

52.78 

55.91 

47.22 

44.09 

- 

Cigars,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

47.00 

52.22 

25.00 

39.16 

28.00 

8.62 

Cigars,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

33.33 

26.63 

66.67 

67.14 

6.23 

Cigars,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

42.11 

40.46 

57.89 

59.54 

- 

60 


STATISTICS  OF  LABOR.  [Pub.  Doc 


TOBACCO,  SNUFF,  AND  CIGARS  — Continued. 


Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for  — 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Cigars,  

one  thousand  .... 

42.10 

31.58 

26.32 

The  establishment, 

48.31 

48.31 

3.38 

Cigars,  

one  thousand  .... 

45.00 

20.00 

35.00 

The  establishment, 

- 

77.22 

22.78 

Cigars,  

one  thousand  .... 

45.00 

43.75 

11.25 

The  establishment, 

36.15 

63.61 

0.24 

Cigars,  . . . ' . 

one  thousand  .... 

38.24 

50.00 

11.76 

The  establishment, 

10.38 

38.42 

51.20 

Cigars 

one  thousand  .... 

52.18 

33.04 

14.78 

The  establishment, 

55.74 

42.87 

1.39 

Cigars 

one  thousand  .... 

32.00 

40.00 

28.00 

The  establishment, 

40.68 

50.85 

8.47 

Cigars,  

one  thousand  .... 

32.00 

64.00 

4.00 

The  establishment, 

60.00 

40.00 

- 

Cigars,  

one  thousand  .... 

37.67 

62.33 

_ 

The  establishment, 

37.67 

62.33 

- 

Cigars,  

one  thousand  .... 

38.30 

46.81 

14.89 

The  establishment, 

38.51 

61.49 

- 

Cigars 

one  thousand  .... 

40.00 

60.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

41.89 

58.11 

- 

Cigars,  

one  thousand  .... 

40.00 

32.00 

28.00 

The  establishment, 

44.67 

55.33 

- 

Cigars,  

one  thousand  .... 

42.55 

57.45 

- 

The  establishment, 

44.53 

55.47 

- 

Cigars 

one  thousand  .... 

30.85 

69.15 

- 

The  establishment, 

47.61 

52.39 

- 

Cigars, 

one  thousand  .... 

50.00 

50.00 

- 

The  establishment, 

50.00 

50.00 

- 

Cigars,  

one  thousand  .... 

12.70 

39.68 

47.62 

The  establishment, 

21.07 

76.48 

2.45 

Cigars 

one  thous5hd  .... 

50.00 

50.00 

- 

The  establishment, 

30.40 

69.60 

- 

Cigars,  

one  thousand  .... 

35.00 

65.00 

The  establishment, 

52.83 

47.17 

- 

Cigars,  

one  thousand  .... 

26.00 

66.00 

8.00 

The  establishment, 

32.93 

54.91 

12.16 

Cigars,  

thirteen  hundred  . 

23.93 

75.21 

0.86 

The  establishment, 

39.42 

56.53 

4.05 

Cigars,  

two  thousand  .... 

48.65 

51.35 

- 

The  establishment, 

56.35 

43.65 

- 

Cigars,  

thirty-eight  thousand 

41.10 

58.90 

- 

The  establishment, 

37.55 

53.82 

8.63 

Cigars,  

one  hundred  and  fifty  thou- 

sand . . ... 

25.00 

75.00 

| 

The  establishment, 

24.19 

75.81 

Cigars,  

two  million  .... 

30.00 

45.25 

24.75 

The  establishment, 

31.91 

59.16 

1 8.93 

Cigars, 

two  million,  one  hundred  and 

thirteen  thousand,  five  hun- 

dred and  fifty 

44.34 

45.02 

10.64 

The  establishment, 

41.90 

52.02 

6.08 

Cigars,  Havana 

one  thousand  .... 

40.00 

60.00 

- 

The  establishment, 

41.61 

56.13 

2.26 

Cigars,  seed 

one  thousand  .... 

61.11 

38.89 

- 

The  establishment, 

40.82 

55.57 

3.61 

Cigars,  seed  and  Havana  . . . 

one  thousand  .... 

25.58 

74.42 

- 

The  establishment, 

31.42 

68.58 

No.  15.] 


WAGES:  COST  OF  PRODUCTION 


61 


TOBACCO,  SNUFF,  AND  CIGARS  — Concluded. 


Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for  — 

Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Snuff,  . 

The  establishment, 

seventeen  thousand,  five  hun- 
dred and  five  pounds  . 

i 

18.28 

20.44 

30.39 

62.03 

51.33 

17.53 

Tobacco,  plug 

The  establishment, 

one  pound  .... 

15.11 

23.43 

65.12 

60.82 

19.77 

15.75 

TOYS 

AND  GAMES  (CHILDREN’S). 

Drums,  toy  . 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

33.34 

49.52 

33.33 

47.78 

33.33 

2.70 

Toys  and  games,  . 
The  establishment, 

36.81 

53.87 

19.03 

31.18 

44.16 

14.95 

Wagons,  boys’ 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

25.00 

49.38 

65.00 

45.19 

10.00 

5.43 

Wagons,  children’s 
The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

55.56 

47.64 

44.44 

47.21 

5.15 

TRUNKS  AND  VALISES. 


Bags,  travelling 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

35.72 

39.85 

59.52 

58.90 

4.76 

1.25 

Trunks,  zinc 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

16.40 

20.02 

83.60 

78.49 

1.49 

WHIPS,  LASHES,  AND  STOCKS. 


Lashes, 

one  hundred  dozen 

34.67 

65.33 

The  establishment, 

58.33 

41.67 

- 

Whip  butts, 

one  dozen  .... 

32.26 

67.74 

_ 

The  establishment, 

30.47 

67.81 

1.72 

Whip  lashes, 

three  hundred  dozen 

23.09 

76.91 

_ 

The  establishment, 

- 

100.00 

- 

Whip  stocks, 

one  dozen  .... 

53.19 

46.81 

_ 

The  establishment, 

33.39 

66.61 

- 

Whip  stocks,  rattan  .... 

one  hundred  dozen 

33.33 

66.67 

_ 

The  establishment, 

25.14 

74.86 

- 

Whips, 

one  hundred  dozen 

40.00 

60.00 

_ 

The  establishment, 

21.62 

64.85 

13.53 

Whips, 

one  gross  .... 

51.61 

48.39 

_ 

The  establishment, 

20.48 

46.27 

33.25 

Whips  and  lashes,  .... 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen  .... 

63.79 

36.21 

_ 

57.83 

32  85 

9.32 

WOODEN  GOODS. 

Axe  helves 

one  dozen  .... 

50.00 

50.00 

The  establishment, 

41.21 

45.60 

13.19 

Axe  helves, 

one  dozen  .... 

66.67 

33.33 

The  establishment, 

100.00 

- 

Barrels,  half 

one  hundred  .... 

24.24 

75.76 

_ 

The  establishment, 

35.08 

61.03 

3.89 

Barrels,  half 

thirty-five  hundred 

28.12 

71.88 

_ 

The  establishment, 

38.33 

61.67 

- 

62 


STATISTICS  OF  LABOR 


[Pub.  Doc 


WOODEN  GOODS  — Continued. 


Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for  — 


Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Quantities 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Barrels,  sugar 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  . 

20.59 

17.98 

79.41 

80.60 

1.42 

Barrels,  sugar 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  . 

20.59 

16.50 

79.41 

68.38 

15.12 

Baskets,  .... 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen 

83.33 

62.50 

16.67 

37.50 

- 

Baskets,  .... 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen 

64.38 

61.86 

35.62 

34.02 

4.12 

Baskets,  .... 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  . 

50.00 

57.68 

50.00 

40.97 

1.35 

Baskets,  bushel  . 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen 

78.57 

55.49 

21.43 

25.53 

18.98 

Baskets,  bushel  . 

The  establishment, 

fifty  dozen 

50.00 

50.00 

50.00 

44.17 

5.83 

Baskets,  coal 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen 

72.00 

24.00 

80.77 

4.00 

19.23 

Blocks,  dye  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  .... 

41.67 

56.27 

41.67 

26.05 

16.66 

17.68 

Bungs  (for  mackerel  kits), . 
The  establishment, 

ten  thousand  . 

50.00 

44.83 

50.00 

45.59 

9.58 

Casks,  nail  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  hundred  . 

39.29 

47.88 

60.71 

45.69 

6.43 

Clothes  driers,  . . 

The  establishment, 

four  .... 

17.86 

57.73 

42.86 

24.60 

39.28 

17.67 

Faucets,  wooden  . 

The  establishment, 

ten  thousand  . 

57.14 

54.55 

42.86 

40.91 

4.54 

Handles,  screw-driver 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  . 

47.62 

65.49 

52.38 

33.17 

1.34 

Hoops 

The  establishment, 

two  hundred  thousand 

50.00 

50.00 

50.00 

50.00 

“ 

Hoops,  barrel 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

61.54 

38.46 

100.00 

- 

Hoops  and  handles, 

The  establishment. 

one  thousand  . 

37.88 

71.43 

30.30 

28.57 

31.82 

Kegs,  nail  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  hundred  . 

25.00 

41.00 

75.00 

59.00 

- 

Kegs  and  half-barrels, 

The  establishment, 

eighteen  thousand  . 

56.34 

53.08 

18.78 

43.42 

24.88 

3.50 

Kindlings,  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  bushel 

20.00 

16.86" 

70.00 

64.11 

10.00 

19.03 

Ladders,  .... 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  feet  . 

57.78 

56.52 

42.22 

43.48 

- 

Lasts 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

55.56 

41.88 

22.22 

45.13 

22.22 

12.99 

Lasts, 

The  establishment, 

seventeen  thousand  pairs 

41.35 

52.48 

24.85 

32.12 

33.80 

15.40 

Lasts, 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pairs  . 

28.57 

45.36 

28.57 

41.66 

42.86 

12.98 

Lasts, 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pairs  . 

48.00 

48.71 

52.00 

42.93 

8.36 

Lasts,  ..... 
The  establishment, 

one  thousand  pairs 

62.50 

63.18 

33.33 

36.43 

4.17 

0.39 

Lasts,  . . . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  pairs 

68.75 

59.88 

31.25 

20.96 

19.16 

Lasts,  iron  bottom 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pairs  . 

82.76 

68.81 

17.24 

17.19 

14.00 

Lasts  and  patterns, 

The  establishment, 

forty  thousand 

65.75 

69.63 

22.11 

23.42 

12.14 

6.95 

No.  15.]  WAGES:  COST  OF  PRODUCTION 


63 


WOODEN  GOODS  — Concluded. 


Quantities 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for  — 

Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Lumber,  kyanized 

The  establishment, 

seven  hundred  and  twenty- 
five  thousand  feet 

34.48 

37.50 

53.64 

58.33 

11.88 

4.17 

Moulding, 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  feet  . 

12.00 

20.26 

80.00 

78.70 

8.00 

1.04 

Moulding, 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  feet  . 

44.44 

27.28 

55.56 

61.82 

10.90 

Moulding,  gilt 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  feet  . 

27.27 

41.46 

72.73 

51.83 

6.71 

Moulds,  button 

The  establishment, 

one  gross . 

80.00 

62.43 

20.00 

33.44 

4.13 

Pails, 

The  establishment, 

seven  hundred  thousand 

32.77 

42.88 

47.37 

53.59 

19.86 

3.53 

Pegs,  shoe 

The  establishment, 

one  bushel 

65.79 

71.52 

34.21 

25.32 

3.16 

Pegs,  shoe  . 

The  establishment, 

one  bushel 

68.29 

65.26 

31.71 

31.96 

2.78 

Racks,  towel 

The  establishment, 

one  dozen 

25.00 

40.44 

75.00 

40.45 

19.11 

Razor  strops, 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  . 

50.00 

58.33 

50.00 

41.67 

_ 

Rolling  pins, 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  dozen 

* 

34.00 

56.18 

66.00 

31.34 

12.48 

Rolls,  skate  . 

The  establishment. 

one  thousand  . 

32.79 

41.95 

65.57 

57.23 

1.64 

0.82 

Screws  and  clamps, 
The  establishment, 

one  hundred  dozen 

66.67 

53.74 

33.33 

32.98 

13.28 

Tubs,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  nest  of  three  tubs 

20.83 

35.98 

54.17 

59.97 

25.00 

4.05 

Tubs,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  . 

36.11 

42.50 

63.89 

56.75 

0.75 

Tubs,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  nests  of 
tubs 

three 

27.50 

45.22 

72.50 

53.77 

1.01 

Wood,  bundle 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  bundles 

52.38 

19.72 

40.82 

69.80 

6.80 

10.48 

Wood,  kindling  . 
The  establishment, 

one  cord  . 

27.27 

27.12 

72.73 

72.88 

- 

Wood,  kindling  . 
The  establishment, 

one  cord  . 

25.53 

22.64 

74.47 

66.04 

11.32 

Wood,  kindling  . 
The  establishment, 

three  hundred  and  fifty  cords 

34.53 

34.53 

65.47 

65.47 

: 

WOOLLEN  GOODS. 


Blankets, 

The  establishment, 

one 

41.67 

19.33 

50.00 

76.81 

8.33 

3.86 

Blankets 

The  establishment, 

one  pair 

46.00 

40.21 

52.00 

57.44 

2.00 

2.35 

Blankets, 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pounds 

50.00 

33.96 

37.50 

56.54 

12.50 

9.50 

Cassimeres, 

The  establishment, 

one  yard 

7.86 

21.15 

82.86 

63.76 

9.28 

15.09 

Cassimeres, 

The  establishment, 

one  yard 

63.64 

32.64 

36.36 

65.64 

1.72 

Cassimeres 

The  establishment, 

one  yard 

20.00 

15.52 

71.43 

75.48 

8.57 

9.00 

G4 


STATISTICS  OF  LABOR.  [Pub.  Doc 


WOOLLEN  GOODS— Continued. 


Quantities 

Percentages  of 

Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for — 

Thames  of  Aeticles,  etc. 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Cassiraeres,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  yard  . 

19.01 

21.94 

80.99 

75.38 

2.68 

Cassimeres,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  yard  . 

19.05 

28.45 

58.09 

68.78 

22.86 

2.77 

Cassimeres,  fancy 
The  establishment, 

one  yard  . 

26.47 

24.48 

73.53 

73.20 

2.32 

Cassimeres,  fancy 
The  establishment, 

one  yard  . 

27.38 

27.36 

52.38 

64.64 

20.24. 

8.00 

Cassimeres,  fancy 
The  establishment, 

one  yard  . 

26.67 

18.69 

73.33 

71.55 

9.76 

Cassimeres,  fancy 
The  establishment, 

one  yard  . 

20.78 

19.43 

54.55 

74.86 

24.67 

5.71 

Cassimeres,  fancy 
The  establishment, 

one  yard  . 

26.67 

20.71 

66.67 

77.69 

6.66 

1.60 

Cassimeres,  fancy 
The  establishment, 

one  yard  . 

20.60 

20.89 

69.70 

76.12 

9.70 

2.99 

Cassimeres,  fancy 
The  establishment, 

one  yard  . 

22.99 

26.49 

52.30 

63.79 

24.71 

9.72 

Cassimeres,  fancy 
The  establishment, 

one  yard  . 

24.70 

31.87 

64.71 

64.21 

10.59 

3.92 

Cassimeres,  fancy 
The  establishment, 

one  yard  . 

77.78 

20.70 

22.22 

75.36 

3.94 

Cassimeres,  fancy 
The  establishment, 

one  yard  . 

22.60 

23.99 

68.49 

72.98 

8.91 

3.03 

Cassimeres,  fancy 
The  establishment, 

one  yard  . 

22.56 

23.98 

66.16 

70.39 

11.28 

5.63 

Cassimeres,  fancy 
The  establishment, 

one  yard  . 

21.05 

18.45 

78.95 

73.95 

7.60 

Cassimeres,  fancy 
The  establishment, 

one  hundred  yards 

18.00 

18.10 

75.00 

77.05 

7.00 

4.85 

Cassimeres,  fancy 
The  establishment, 

one  hundred  thousand  yards 

16.00 

18.46 

84.00 

80.16 

1.38 

Cassimeres,  fancy 

The  establishment, 

two  hundred  and  thirty-five 
thousand  yards  . 

34.20 

29.91 

59.72 

64.22 

6.08 

5.87 

Cassimeres,  union 
The  establishment, 

one  yard  . 

47.06 

14.37 

52.94 

83.46 

2.17 

Cassimeres,  union 
The  establishment, 

one  yard  . 

26.67 

19.13 

73.33 

78.35 

2.52 

Cassimeres,  union 
The  establishment, 

one  hundred  yards 

34.29 

34.18 

65.71 

54.74 

11.08 

Cassimeres,  union 
The  establishment, 

one  thousand  yards 

22.86 

27.73 

74.28 

72.27 

2.86 

Cassimeres,  uniou 
The  establishment, 

one  thousand  yards 

23.53 

23.86 

76.47 

76.14 

- 

Cassimeres,  union 
The  establishment, 

one  yard  . 

20.00 

19.90 

80.00 

70.68 

9.42 

Cloth,  beaver 

The  establishment, 

one  yard  . 

73.85 

28.81 

26.15 

69.18 

2.01 

Cloth,  indigo-blue 
The  establishment, 

one  thousand  yards 

23.20 

27.06 

57.68 

67.08 

19.12 

5.86 

Cloth,  woollen 

The  establishment, 

one  yard  . 

26.70 

25.78 

73.30 

70.03 

4.19 

Cloth,  woollen 

The  establishment, 

.one  yard  . 

31.40 

29.44 

55.62 

60.60 

12.98 

9.96 

Cloth,  woollen 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  yards 

14.89 

25.01 

43.75 

71.90 

41.36 

3.09 

Dress  goods, 

The  establishment, 

one  yard  . 

28.13 

14.57 

56.25 

84.45 

15.62 

0.98 

No.  15.]  WAGES:  COST  OF  PRODUCTION 


65 


WOOLLEN  GOODS  — Continued. 


Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for — 

Names  of  Articles,  etc. 

Quantities 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Dress  goods, 

The  establishment, 

one  yard 

16.36 

22.03 

32.73 

73.00 

50*91 

4.97 

Flannel, 

The  establishment, 

one  yard  

30.30 

32.87 

60.61 

62.47 

9.09 

4.66 

Flannel, 

The  establishment, 

one  yard 

26.67 

14.26 

53.33 

23.70 

20.00 

62.04 

Flannel, 

The  establishment, 

one  yard  ..... 

23.08 

21.25 

76.92 

73.30 

5.45 

Flannel, 

The  establishment, 

• '* 

one  hundred  yards 

17.48 

19.49 

79.67 

74.84 

2.85 

5.67 

Flannel, 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pounds 

22.33 

17.77 

67.96 

69.44 

9.71 

12.79 

Flannel,  white 

The  establishment, 

one  yard 

23.35 

22.66 

72.37 

68.32 

4.28 

9.02 

Flannel,  wool 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  yards 

38.89 

23.40 

61.11 

75.76 

0.84 

Linings,  felt  . 

The  establishment, 

one  yard 

19.23 

35.77 

80.77 

57.80 

6.43 

Sacking,  ladies’  . 
The  establishment, 

one  yard 

35.94 

19.49 

43.75 

77.21 

20.31 

3.30 

Satinet,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  yard 

41.18 

37.55 

58.82 

52.64 

9.81 

Satinet,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  yard  

26.47 

28.25 

61.77 

63.74 

11.76 

8.01 

Satinet,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  yards 

25.00 

28.13 

66.67 

58.10 

8.33 

13.77 

Satinet,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  yards 

23.53 

39.22 

58.82 

56.02 

17.65 

4.76 

Satinet,  . . 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  yards 

41.20 

42.84 

42.00 

52.47 

16.80 

4.69 

Satinet,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  yards 

25.00 

19.29 

60.00 

76.46 

15.00 

4.25 

Satinet,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  yards 

30.77 

27.42 

61.54 

55.43 

7.69 

17.15 

Satinet,  . 

The  establishment, 

' ] 

one  thousand  yards 

27.78 

20.94 

66.67 

77.95 

5.55 

1.11 

Satinet,  . 

The  establishment, 

’ 

one  thousand  yards 

28.57 

33.97 

57.14 

52.11 

14.29 

13.92 

Satinet,  . . 

The  establishment, 

three  hundred  and  fifty 
thousand  yards  . 

35.35 

35.35 

54.36 

54.36 

10.29 

10.29 

Satinet,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  yards 

30.13 

34.16 

51.28 

53.76 

18.59 

12.08 

Satinet,  . 

The  establishment, 

fifty-five  hundred  yards 

32.47 

27.85 

43.64 

60.62 

23.89 

11.53 

Satinet,  . 

The  establishment, 

ten  thousand  yards 

25.00 

27.52 

62.50 

62.98 

12.50 

9.50 

Satinet,  . 

The  establishment, 

one  million,  one  hundred  and 
sixty-fivethousand,  twohun- 
dred  and  sixty-eight  yards  . 

18.50 

20.55 

63.68 

77.35 

17.82 

2.10 

Satinet  and  flannel, 

The  establishment, 

four  hundred  and  seventy- 
seven  thousand,  five  hun- 
dred yards  .... 

19.51 

20.08 

76.65 

78.88 

3.84 

1.04 

Shoddy, 

The  establishment, 

three  hundred  thousand 
pounds  

14.28 

14.50 

69.05 

80.71 

16.67 

4.79 

Shoddy,  wool 

The  establishment, 

one  pound  .... 

11.11 

9.69 

88.89 

81.01 

9.30 

66 


STATISTICS  OF  LABOR.  [Pub.  Doc 


WOOLLEN  GOODS  — Concluded. 


Names  op  Articles,  etc. 

Percentages  of 
Total  Cost  of  Production 
Paid  for  — 

Quantities 

Wages 

Raw 

Ma- 

terials 

Expenses 

(not 

specified) 

Tricot, 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  yards 

26.92 

26.95 

61.54 

63.76 

11.54 

9.29 

Woollen  goods, 

The  establishment, 

ninety-four  thousand  yards  . 

23.95 

23.57 

61.94 

67.77 

14.11 

8.66 

Yarn 

The  establishment, 

one  pound  .... 

24.00 

19.03 

52.00 

76.88 

24.00 

4.09 

Yarn,  carpet 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pounds 

18.01 

12.50 

81.99 

79.99 

7.51 

Yarn,  hosiery 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pounds 

19.08 

18.09 

80.92 

79.96 

1.95 

Yarn,  woollen 

The  establishment, 

two  hundred  pounds 

14.29 

16.90 

85.71 

79.79 

3.31 

Yarn,  worsted 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pounds 

20.53 

16.43 

79.47 

82.58 

0.99 

WORSTED  GOODS. 


Braid,  skirt 

The  establishment, 

one  thousand  dozen 

41.67 

23.24 

58.33 

66.24 

10.52 

Cloth,  worsted 

The  establishment, 

one  yard 

30.00 

6.56 

70.00 

92.85 

0.59 

Dress  goods,  worsted  .... 
The  establishment, 

one  piece  of  fifty-five  yards  . 

20.71 

30.25 

43.75 

58.61 

35.54 

11.14 

Noils,  camel’s-hair  .... 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pounds 

18.18 

7.12 

68.18 

90.57 

13.64 

2.31 

Suitings,  worsted  .... 

The  establishment, 

one  yard 

31.11 

22.67 

68.89 

66.73 

10.60 

Yarn 

The  establishment, 

one  pound  .... 

33.33 

28.30 

66.67 

67.55 

4.15 

Yarn,  worsted 

The  establishment, 

one  pound  .... 

15.38 

23.13 

53.85 

70.75 

30.77 

6.12 

Yarn,  worsted 

The  establishment, 

one  hundred  pounds 

25.51 
| 15.53 

74.49 

83.65 

0.82 

Analysis. 

The  information  contained  in  the  foregoing  tables  is  useful 
in  two  ways.  First,  it  is  valuable  in  its  detail.  It  relates  to 
1,615  different  examples  of  articles  produced  in  the  classified 
industries  of  the  Commonwealth,  with  the  cost  of  the  labor 
directly  involved  in  production  separated  from  the  other 
elements  of  cost,  and  this  information  is  presented  in  such  form 
as  to  be  available  in  any  discussion  relative  to  the  particular 
articles  selected.  In  many  cases  several  instances  of  the  same 
article  appear,  derived  from  different  establishments,  so  that 
comparisons  may  be  made. 

If  we  take  an  article  selected  at  random,  for  instance  “ Print 
Cloth,”  presented  upon  page  28,  we  find  that,  in  a case  in- 


No.  15.]  WAGES : COST  OF  PRODUCTION. 


67 


volving  10,000  pounds,  the  wage  cost  amounted  to  31.16  per 
cent  of  the  total  cost  of  production,  the  remaining  percentage 
being  charged  to  raw  materials.  Upon  page  29  other  instances 
of  the  same  article  are  given,  the  wage  cost  varying  from  20 
per  cent  of  the  total  cost  of  production,  in  one  instance, 
upon  the  basis  of  a single  yard,  to  39.89  per  cent,  in  another 
instance,  based  upon  1,000  pounds.  If  we  desire  to  arrive 
at  a percentage  of  wage  cost  of  the  total  cost  of  production  in 
the  establishments  making  this  article,  we  find,  from  the  same 
table,  the  percentage  varying  from  21.45  per  cent  to  63.17  per 
cent.  If  we  take  “Balmoral  Boots  (button,  calf,  men’s),” 
presented  upon  page  7,  we  find  that  the  percentage  of  labor 
cost  of  total  cost  is  25,  and  the  percentages  of  cost  of  raw 
materials  and  of  expenses  not  specified,  69.90  and  5.10 
respectively.  These  percentages  do  not  indicate  conditions 
materially  different  from  those  prevailing  in  the  establishment, 
in  which  the  cost  of  wages  was  27.10  per  cent,  the  cost  of  raw 
materials  68.61  per  cent,  and  the  cost  of  expenses  not  specified 
4.29  per  cent  of  the  total  cost  of  production.  Upon  page  8 
three  instances  of  “ Button  Boots  (kid,  children’s)  ” are  given, 
the  range  as  to  labor  cost  being  from  33.23  per  cent  to  42.04 
per  cent  of  the  total  cost  of  production,  and  the  cost  of  raw 
materials  ranging  from  52.78  per  cent  to  66.77  per  cent  of  the 
total  cost  of  production.  In  the  establishments,  the  range  of 
wage  cost  was  from  29.26  per  cent  to  46.06  per  cent,  and  for 
raw  materials,  from  50.90  per  cent  to  69.76  per  cent  of  the 
total  cost  of  production.  It  is  not  necessary  to  enter  upon 
an  analysis  of  the  various  instances  presented  in  detail,  as  the 
manner  in  which  the  tables  may  be  used  is  sufficiently  pointed 
out  in  the  examples  cited. 

Wherever  it  was  possible  to  fix  the  quality  of  the  article 
definitely  it  has  been  done ; but  in  many  cases  absolute 
definiteness  was  impracticable.  In  all  cases,  however,  the  facts 
• are  given  in  detail  rather  than  by  consolidations  or  averages. 
An  example  in  point  occurs  upon  pages  12  and  13,  where  are 
presented  35  instances  of  “ Shoes,”  in  which  the.  particular 
kind  or  quality  is  not  specified.  In  these  the  range  of  labor 
cost  varies  from  15.15  per  cent  of  the  total  cost  of  produc- 
tion, in  a single  instance,  based  upon  600  cases,  to  62.93  per 
cent,  also  in  a single  instance,  based  upon  200  cases.  While 


68 


STATISTICS  OF  LABOR.  [Pub.  Doc. 


the  range  between  the  extremes  is  wide,  a large  number  of 
instances  show  no  such  variation,  but  fall  between  30.43  per 
'cent  and  40.35  per  cent.  The  statistics,  when  thus  presented  in 
detail,  indicate  the  range  of  labor  cost  involved  in  the  produc- 
tion of  shoes  of,  possibly,  different  qualities,  and  aptly  illus- 
trate a point  emphasized  in  other  reports  of  this  Bureau,  namely, 
the  futility  of  relying  upon  averages  based  upon  a wide  range 
of  units,  unless  the  range  also  is  carefully  considered.  They 
show,  too,  that  no  single  percentage  can  be  determined,  which 
shall  fully  represent  the  labor  cost  involved  in  the  production 
of  shoes  in  general,  or  of  any  other  product  in  which  wide 
variations  of  quality  appear. 

In  other  cases  presented  in  the  tables,  however,  the  quality 
is  more  definitely  fixed,  and  the  quantity  from  which  the  data 
are  derived  is  so  large  as  to  render  the  results  exceedingly 
valuable.  Such  a case  appears  on  page  30,  the  article  being 
“Cotton  Sheeting.”  In  this  example  5,861,296  pounds  afford 
a basis  upon  which  the  labor  cost  is  computed  to  be  18.89  per 
cent  of  the  total  cost  of  production.  The  percentage  of  cost  of 
raw  material  is  61.89,  and  the  percentage  charged  to  expenses 
not  specified,  19.22.  Again,  on  page  52,  the  article  being 
“ Cotton  Warp  Shaker  Flannel,”  100,000  yards  enter  into  a 
computation  in  which  the  labor  cost  is  found  to  be  19.35  per 
cent,  the  cost  of  raw  material  18.97  per  cent,  and  the  cost 
of  expenses  not  specified  61.68  per  cent  of  the  total  cost  of 
production. 

Even  when  the  quality  is  not  specified  and  presumably 
varies,  the  numerous  instances  and  large  quantities  entering 
into  the  computations  render  the  results  significant.  As  an 
example,  take  the  article  “ Satinet,”  classified  under  the  head 
of  Woollen  Goods,  on  page  65.  Fourteen  instances  are  given. 
In  one  the  production  of  350,000  yards  is  used  as  the  basis, 
the  labor  cost  being  35.35  per  cent,  and  the  cost  of  raw 
materials  54.36  per  cent  of  the  total  cost  of  production.  In* 
another  instance  the  product  of  1,165,268  yards  shows  the 
labor  cost  to  be  18.50  per  cent  of  the  total  cost  of  produc- 
tion. One  grade  of  goods  was,  no  doubt,  better  than  the 
other,  yet  the  facts  brought  out  convey  a clearer  idea  of 
the  truth  than  would  appear  from  an  average  based  upon  the 
two  instances.  The  range  of  labor  cost  in  the  production  of 


No.  15.]  WAGES : COST  OF  PRODUCTION. 


6 9 


“Satinet”  is  shown  to  be  from  18.50  per  cent  of  the  total 
cost  of  production,  in  the  case  just  cited,  to  41.18  per  cent, 
in  a single  instance,  in  which  the  computation  is  reduced  to 
the  basis  of  a single  yard.  Although  these  percentages,  like 
those  relating  to  the  production  of  shoes,  previously  referred 
to,  indicate  a wide  variation  in  labor  cost,  it  will  be  found 
that,  in  most  of  the  instances,  the  wage  cost  does  not  fall 
below  25  per  cent,  nor  rise  above  33.33  per  cent,  of  the  total 
cost  of  production. 

In  a number  of  cases,  particularly  in  the  boot  and  shoe  and 
clothing  industries,  the  percentage  of  wage  cost  prevailing  in 
the  establishment  is  seen  to  be  very  low  as  compared  with 
other  establishments  in  the  same  industry.  One  such  instance 
appears  upon  page  10,  the  percentage  of  wage  cost  for  the 
establishment  being  3.65.  Again,  upon  page  12,  in  one  in- 
stance the  percentage  of  wage  cost  for  the  establishment  is 
returned  as  8.66.  Three  other  instances  appear  upon  page 
25,  the  percentages  of  wage  cost  in  different  establishments 
being  6.42,  5.57,  and  7.11,  respectively. 

These  small  percentages  of  wage  cost  result  from  the  fact 
that  a part  of  the  industrial  process  involved  in  the  product 
of  such  establishments  is  performed  outside,  either  by  con- 
tractors, as  in  the  clothing  industry,  or  in  stitching  shops, 
as  in  Boots  and  Shoes,  the  wage  cost  not  appearing  upon  the 
rolls  of  the  establishments.  In  fact  it  may  be  said,  that  the 
raw  material  in  such  cases,  or,  more  strictly,  the  stock  used, 
has  been  enhanced  in  cost  by  being  advanced  in  manufacture 
before  it  enters  into  production  in  the  particular  establishment 
turning  out  the  completed  article,  and  therefore  the  wage  cost 
within  the  establishment  is  reduced  in  proportion  as  the  cost  of 
raw  material  or  stock  used  is  increased.  Without  this  explana- 
tion the  percentage  of  wage  cost  in  these  instances  would  seem 
abnormally  small. 

The  following  table  presents,  for  each  industry,  the  number 
of  establishments  included  in  the  investigation,  the  number  in 
which  the  wage  cost  for  the  selected  article  presented  in  the 
tables  was  higher  than  the  percentage  of  wage  cost  in  the  estab- 
lishment as  a whole,  and,  also,  the  number  of  establishments 
in  which  the  percentage  of  wage  cost  in  the  establishment  was 
higher  than  the  percentage  of  wage  cost  of  the  selected  article. 


70  STATISTICS  OF  LABOR.  [Pub.  Doc. 

Comparative  Wage  Cost  for  Articles  and  Establishments : By  Industries. 


Industries. 

Total 
Number 
of  Estab- 
lishments 
Iteport- 
ing  the 
Relation 
of 

Wages  to 
the  Cost 
of 

Produc- 

tion 

Eespective 
Number  of  Estab- 
lishments in 
which  the  Percent- 
age of  W age  Cost 
of  the  Total 
Cost  of  Production 
was  Highest — 

Remarks 

For 

the  Ar- 
ticle 

In  the 
Es- 
tablish- 
ment 

Agricultural  implements, 

5 

* 1 

4 

Arms  and  ammunition, 

6 

4 

2 

Artificial  teeth  and  dental  work, 

S 

1 

- 

Two  establishments,  wage  cost  not 

Artisans’  tools,  .... 

26 

13 

13 

given. 

Boots  and  shoes, 

287 

177 

107 

Two  establishments,  wage  cost  not 

Boxes  (paper  and  wooden), 

49 

19 

29 

given.  One  establishment,  wage 
cost  for  article  and  establishment 
the  same. 

One  establishment,  wage  cost  for  ar- 

Brick, tiles,  and  sewer  pipe,  . 

33 

17 

12 

ticle  and  establishment  the  same. 

Four  establishments,  wage  cost  for 

Brooms,  brushes,  and  mops,  . 

15 

7 

8 

article  and  establishment  the  same. 

Building 

38 

20 

18 

Burial  cases, caskets, coffins, etc., 

4 

1 

3 

Buttons  and  drdss  trimmings,  . 

7 

4 

3 

Carpetings,  .... 

10 

7 

3 

Carriages  and  wagons, 

41 

15 

25 

One  establishment,  wage  cost  not 

Cement,  kaolin,  lime,  and 
plaster, 

6 

3 

2 

given. 

One  establishment,  wage  cost  for  ar- 

Chemical preparations  (com- 
pounded), .... 

1 

1 

ticle  and  establishment  the  same. 

Clocks  and  watches,  . 

1 

- 

1 

Clothing 

62 

37 

25 

Concrete  walks,  paving,  etc.,  . 

2 

- 

2 

Cooking,  lighting,  and  heating 
apparatus,  .... 

16 

8 

7 

One  establishment,  wage  cost  for  ar- 

Cordage and  twine,  . 

11 

4 

7 

ticle  and  establishment  the  same. 

Cotton  goods 

78 

35 

43 

Cotton,  woollen,  and  other  tex- 
tiles,   

1 

. 

1 

Crayons,  pencils,  crucibles,  etc., 

2 

1 

1 

Drugs  and  medicines, 

12 

2 

4 

Five  establishments,  wage  cost  not 

Dyestuffs 

2 

2 

given.  One  establishment,  wage 
cost  for  article  and  establishment 
the  same. 

Earthen,  plaster,  and  stone 

ware 

5 

3 

2 

Electrical  apparatus  and  appli- 
ances,   

2 

1 

1 

Electroplating 

1 

1 

- 

Emery  and  sand  paper  and 
cloth,  etc.,  .... 

4 

3 

1 

Fancy  articles,  .... 

1 

~ 

1 

No.  15.]  WAGES : COST  OF  PRODUCTION.  71 


Comparative  Wage  Cost  for  Articles  and  Establishments : By  Industries 

— Continued. 


Industries. 

Total 
Number 
ofEstab- 
lishments 
Report- 
ing the 
Relation 
of 

Wages  to 
the  Cost 
of 

Produc- 

tion 

Respective  ■ 
Number  ofEstab- 
lishments  in 
which  the  Percent* 
age  of  Wage  Cost 
of  the  Total 
Cost  of  Production 
was  Highest  — 

Remarks 

For 
the  Ar- 
ticle 

In  the 
Es- 
tablish- 
ment 

Fertilizers, 

4 

3 

1 

Flax,  hemp,  and  jute  goods, 

3 

2 

1 

Food  preparations,  . 

74 

29 

39 

Three  establishments,  wage  cost 

Furniture, 

53 

20 

32 

not  given.  Three  establishments, 
wage  cost  for  article  and  estab- 
lishment the  same. 

One  establishment,  wage  cost  for  ar- 

Glass, . . . 

1 

1 

ticle  and  establishment  the  same. 

Glue,  isinglass,  and  starch, 

7 

2 

3 

Two  establishments,  wage  cost  for 

Hair  work  (animal  and  human) , 

2 

1 

1 

article  and  establishment  the  same. 

Hosiery  and  knit  goods,  . 

15 

9 

6 

Ink,  mucilage,  and  paste,  . 

1 

- 

1 

Ivory,  bone,  shell,  and  horn 
goods,  etc 

9 

6 

3 

Leather 

65 

47 

17 

One  establishment,  wage  cost  not 

Linen, 

1 

1 

given. 

Liquors  and  beverages  (not 
spirituous) 

11 

4 

7 

Liquors : malt,  distilled,  and 
fermented,  .... 

21 

9 

11 

One  establishment,  wage  cost  for  ar- 

Lumber,  

34 

13 

19 

ticle  and  establishment  the  same. 
Two  establishments,  wage  host  for 

Machines  and  machinery, 

85 

38 

46 

article  and  establishment  the  same. 
One  establishment,  wage  cost  for  ar- 

Metals and  metallic  goods, 

137 

57 

77 

ticle  and  establishment  the  same. 
One  establishment,  wage  cost  not 

Mixed  textiles,  .... 

5 

3 

2 

given.  Two  establishments,  wage 
cost  for  article  and  establishment 
the  same. 

Models  and  patterns, 

1 

_ 

1 

Musical  instruments  and  ma- 
terials,   

17 

13 

4 

Oils  and  illuminating  fluids, 

1 

1 

- 

Paints,  colors,  and  crude  chem- 
icals,   

4 

2 

2 

Paper  and  paper  goods,  . 

58 

29 

29 

Perfumes,  toilet  articles,  etc.,  . 

1 

_ 

1 

- 

Photographs  and  photographic 
materials,  .... 

4 

2 

2 

Polishes  and  dressing, 

6 

4 

2 

Printing,  publishing,  and  book- 
binding,   

1 

1 

Railroad  construction, 

1 

1 



72 


STATISTICS  OF  LABOR.  [Pub.  Doc. 


Comparative  Wage  Cost  for  Articles  and  Establishments : By  Industries 

— Concluded. 


Industries. 

Total 
Number 
of  Estab- 
lishments 
Report- 
ing the 
Relation 
of 

Wages  to 
the  Cost 
of 

Produc- 

tion 

Respective 
Number  of  Estab- 
lishments in 
which  the  Percent- 
age of  W age  Cost 
of  the  Total 
Cost  of  Production 
was  Highest  — 

Remarks 

For 
the  Ar- 
ticle 

In  the 
Es- 
tablish- 
ment 

Rubber  and  elastic  goods, 

6 

4 

2 

Salt, 

1 

1 

- 

Scientific  instruments  and  ap- 
pliances,   

5 

2 

2 

One  establishment,  wage  cost  not 

Silk  and  silk  goods,  . 

3 

_ 

3 

given. 

Sporting  and  athletic  goods, 

4 

1 

3 

Stone, 

25 

9 

16 

Straw  and  palm  leaf  goods, 

5 

5 

- 

Tallow,  candles,  soap,  and 
grease,  

11 

3 

8 

Tobacco,  snuff,  and  cigars, 

58 

18 

36 

Two  establishments,  wage  cost  not 

Toys  and  games  (children’s),  . 

.4 

1 

3 

given.  Two  establishments,  wage 
cost  for  article  and  establishment 
the  same. 

Trunks  and  valises,  . 

2 

- 

2 

Whips,  lashes,  and  stocks, 

8 

6 

1 

One  establishment,  wage  cost  not 

Wooden  goods 

53 

21 

26 

given. 

Three  establishments,  wage  cost 

Woollen  goods 

69 

38 

30 

not  given.  Three  establishments, 
wage  cost  for  article  and  estab- 
lishment the  same. 

One  establishment,  wage  cost  for  ar- 

Worsted goods, .... 

8 

6 

2 

ticle  and  establishment  the  same. 

All  Industries,  . 

1,615 

796 

770 

This  table  enables  the  reader  to  determine  at  a glance  the 
relation  which  the  wage  cost  of  the  selected  articles  in  each 
industry  bears  to  the  total  wage  cost  of  the  establishments  in 
which  they  were  produced ; or,  in  other  words,  to  judge  how 
far  the  articles  selected  represent  the  conditions  prevailing  in 
the  establishments.  For. instance,  in  Agricultural  Implements 
five  establishments  are  considered,  and  in  one  of  them  the  per- 
centage of  wage  cost  of  total  cost  of  production  of  the  selected 
article  ranges  higher  than  the  percentage  of  wage  cost  of  the 
total  cost  of  production  in  the  establishment  as  a whole.  On 
the  other  hand,  in  four  establishments  the  percentages  of  wage 
cost  of  the  total  cost  of  production  range  higher  than  the  per- 


No.  15.]  WAGES:  COST  OF  PRODUCTION. 


73 


centages  of  wage  cost  of  the  particular  article  selected.  In 
Cotton  Goods  78  instances  appear.  Of  these,  35  show  the  per- 
centages of  wage  cost  of  the  articles  to  be  above  the  percent- 
ages ruling  in  the  establishments,.  The  other  43  comprise  cases 
in  which  the  percentage  of  wage  cost  in  the  establishment  is 
greater  than  that  for  the  selected  article.  In  Artisans’  Tools 
26  cases  are  presented.  In  13  of  these  the  percentages  of  wage 
cost  of  the  selected  article  range  higher  than  the  percentages 
of  wage  cost  in  the  establishment,  and  in  the  other  13  the 
reverse  is  true.  In  this  industry,  therefore,  and'  in  some 
others,  it  is  seen  that  no  selection  has  been  made  of  instances 
in  which  the  percentages  of  wage  cost  of  the  articles  all  range 
either  above  or  below  the  standard  of  wage  cost  prevailing  in 
the  establishments,  the  instances  of  the  one  kind  exactly  bal- 
ancing those  of  the  other.  This  uniformity  is  not  maintained 
in  every  industry,  but,  on  the  whole,  the  balance  is  fairly  pre- 
served. In  a few  cases  the  percentages  of  wage  cost  for  the 
selected  article  and  in  the  establishment  are  identical ; in 
others  the  percentage  of  wage  cost  for  the  establishment 
is  not  given.  There  are  49  such  instances  out  of  the  grand 
total  of  1,615  examples  presented  in  All  Industries.  Of  the 
others,  796  comprise  articles  having  a higher  percentage  of 
wage  cost  than  that  prevailing  in  the  establishment,  and  770 
show  the  percentage  of  wage  cost  in  the  establishment  to  be 
higher  than  that  of  the  selected  article.  It  is  not  necessary  to 
follow  the  different  industries  in  detail,  as  the  points  brought 
out  are  sufficiently  apparent. 

Secondly,  the  information  contained  in  the  tables  is  of  value 
in  determining,  for  each  classified  industry,  a percentage  which 
shall  fairly  represent  the  proportion  of  wage  cost  of  total  cost 
of  production,  not  merely  for  the  specified  articles  but  for  the 
industry  as  a whole.  Of  course  such  a percentage  is  neces- 
sarily an  average.  Its  accuracy  will  be  in  proportion  to  the 
number  of  instances  upon  which  it  is  based,  and  to  the  com- 
pleteness with  which  it  covers  the  total  production  in  each 
industry, 

Before  proceeding  to  analyze  the  results  of  the  tables  in  this 
direction,  it  is  therefore  proper  to  inquire  how  far  the  data 
contained  in  them  may  be  accepted  as  representative. 

The  total  amount  of  wages  paid  ih  the  production  of  the 


74 


STATISTICS  OF  LABOR.  [Pub.  Doc 


articles  to  which  the  tables  relate  was  $3,030,557,  and  the  total 
cost  of  the  specified  quantities  of  these  articles  was  $11,614,359. 
The  total  wages  paid  in  the  establishments  selected  for  consid- 
eration, in  the  Census  year  1885,  was  $33,549,098.  The 
establishments  selected,  therefore,  represent,  as  to  wages  paid, 
22.76  per  cent  of  the  total  amount  of  wages  paid  in  all  the 
manufacturing  and  mechanical  industries  in  that  year. 

The  following  table  presents,  for  each  industry,  the  aggre- 
gate product  in  the  Census  year,  and  the  aggregate  product  in 
the  establishments  included  in  this  investigation,  with  percent- 
ages. 


Percentages  of  Product  Represented  by  Establishments  Reporting  Cost  of 
Production:  By  Industries. 


Value  of  Product  in  — 

Percentages 
of  Product  Rep- 

Industries. 

All 

Establishments 

Establishments 
Reporting 
Cost  of  Produc- 

resented by 
Establishments 
Reporting 
Cost  of 

tion 

Production 

Agricultural  implements,  . 

$1,324,597 

$230,076 

17.37 

Arms  and  ammunition, 

2,058,879  • 

330,663 

16.06 

Artificial  teeth  and  dental  work, 

651,857 

4,150 

0.64 

Artisans’  tools 

2,509,107 

1,182,503 

47.13 

Awnings,  tents,  and  decorations,  . 

108,579 

- 

- 

Boots  and  shoes 

114,729,533 

35,137,219 

30.63 

Boxes  (paper  and  wooden), 

4,332,505 

1,079,894 

24.93 

Brick,  tiles,  and  sewer  pipe,  . 

1,541,879 

375,279 

24.34 

Brooms,  brushes,  and  mops,  . 

1,365,373 

131,641 

9.64 

Building, 

39,801,245 

913,586 

2.30 

Burial  cases,  caskets,  coffins,  etc.,  . 

770,333 

54,145 

7.03 

Buttons  and  dress  trimmings,  . 

1,016,153 

349,913 

34.44 

Carpetings, 

6,536,341 

3,776,373 

57.78 

Carriages  and  wagons, 

7,277,933 

802,691 

11.03 

Cement,  kaolin,  lime,  and  plaster,  . 

239,875 

110,695 

46.15 

Charcoal  and  kindlers, 

11,480 

- 

- 

Chemical  preparations  (compounded), 

1,165,134 

4,000 

0.34 

Clocks  and  watches,  .... 

3,325,199 

39,600 

1.19 

Clothing, 

32,659,837 

4,201,758 

12.87 

Concrete  walks,  paving,  etc.,  . 

150,798 

7,390 

4.90 

Cooking,  lighting,  and  heating  apparatus, 

3,131,582 

985,251 

31.46 

Cordage  and  twine 

5,077,261 

2,112,590 

41.61  » 

Corks,  bungs,  and  taps,  . 

144,000 

- 

- 

Cotton  goods, 

61,425,097 

29,997,242 

48.84 

Cotton,  woollen,  and  other  textiles, 

2,394,583 

792,848 

33.11 

Crayons,  pencils,  crucibles,  etc., 

104,490 

15,480 

14.81 

Drugs  and  medicines 

4,722,838 

52,912 

1.12 

Dyestuffs, 

789,973 

120,370 

15.24 

Earthen,  plaster,  and  stone  ware,  • 

433,213 

149,240 

34.45 

Electrical  apparatus  and  appliances, 

1,397,737 

188,649 

13.50 

No.  15.]  WAGES : COST  OF  PRODUCTION 


75 


Percentages  of  Product  Represented  by  Establishments  Reporting  Cost  of 
Production:  By  Industries  — Continued. 


Industries. 

Value  of  P 

All 

Establishments 

RODUCT  IN  — 

Establishments 
Reporting 
Cost  of  Produc- 
tion 

Percentages 
of  Product  Rep- 
resented by 
Establishments 
Reporting 
Cost  of 
Production 

Electroplating, 

$214,507 

$5,000 

2.33 

Emery  and  sand  paper  and  cloth,  etc.,  . 

566,101 

185,436 

32.76 

Fancy  articles, 

81,981 

36,000 

43.91 

Fertilizers, 

2,778,987 

980,675 

35.29 

Fine  arts  and  taxidermy, 

42,124 

- 

- 

Fireworks  and  matches, 

91,210 

- 

- 

Flax,  hemp,  and  jute  goods,  .... 

1,493,623 

384,665 

25.75 

Food  preparations 

80,488,329 

2,776,378 

3.45 

Furniture, 

12,716,908 

1,815,729 

14.28 

Gas  and  residual  products 

4,573,962 

- 

- 

Glass, 

1,091,949 

10,091 

0.92 

Glue,  isinglass,  and  starch,  .... 

1,306,331 

463,978 

35.52 

Hair  work  (animal  and  human), 

442,063 

294,450 

66.61 

Hose:  rubber,  linen,  etc.,  .... 

790,480 

- 

- 

Hosiery  and  knit  goods 

4,196,522 

2,915,072 

69.46 

Ink,  mucilage,  and  paste, 

131,626 

19,512 

14.82 

Ivory,  bone,  shell,  and  horn  goods,  etc., 

1,628,413 

1,042,064 

63.99 

Jewelry  burnishing  and  lapidary  work, 

47,500 

- 

- 

Leather, 

28,008,851 

5,055,418 

18.05 

Linen, 

1,068,489 

306,389 

28.67 

Liquors  and  beverages  (not  spirituous) , 

641,216 

97,698 

15.24 

Liquors : malt,  distilled,  and  fermented, 

7,881,240 

963,765 

12.23 

Lumber 

3,627,345 

269,243 

7.42 

Machines  and  machinery, 

20,365,970 

3,696,128 

18.15 

Metals  and  metallic  goods,  .... 

41,332,005 

6,981,798 

16.89 

Mixed  textiles, 

1,323,861 

653,528 

49.37 

Models  and  patterns, 

258,242 

10,000 

3.87 

Musical  instruments  and  materials, 

6,145,008 

1,326,049 

21.58 

Oils  and  illuminating  fluids 

2,294,931 

100,000 

4.36 

Paints,  colors,  and  crude  chemicals, 

763,034 

211,747 

27.75 

Paper  and  paper  goods 

21,223,626 

11,033,635 

51.99 

Perfumes,  toilet  articles,  etc 

409,801 

5,289 

1.29 

Photographs  and  photographic  materials, 

936,165 

93,023 

9.94 

Polishes  and  dressing, 

1,788,412 

250,730 

14.02 

Printing,  publishing,  and  bookbinding,  . 

16,552,475 

88,030 

0.53 

Print  works,  dye  works,  and  bleacheries, 

15,880,843 

- 

- 

Railroad  construction 

2,158,224 

30,000 

1.39 

Rubber  and  elastic  goods,  .... 

12,638,741 

2,995,786 

23.70 

Salt, 

46,890 

1,430 

3.05 

Scientific  instruments  and  appliances,  . 

1,227,683 

75,677 

6.16 

Shipbuilding, 

2,107,986 

- 

- 

Silk  and  silk  goods, 

3,501,240 

500,627 

14.30 

Sporting  and  athletic  goods,  .... 

1,079,966 

59,350 

5.50 

Stone 

5,508,569 

729,487 

13.24 

Straw  and  palm  leaf  goods 

6,265,287 

566,967 

9.05 

Tallow,  candles,  soap,  and  grease,  . 

3,474,890 

727,493 

20.94 

Tobacco,  snuff,  and  cigars,  .... 

2,813,084 

1,119,803 

39.81 

76 


STATISTICS  OF  LABOR.  [Pub.  Doc. 


Percentages  of  Product  Represented  by  Establishments  Reporting  Cost  of 
Production : By  Industries  — Concluded. 


Industries. 


Toys  and  games  (children’s), 
Trunks  and  valises,  . 

"Whips,  lashes,  and  stocks, 
Wooden  goods,  . 

Woollen  goods,  . 

Worsted  goods,  . 

All  Industries,  . 


Value  of  Product  in  — 


All 

Establishments 


$316,895 

346,720 

1,052,401 

4,767,726 

31,748,278 

11,198,148 


$674,634,269 


Establishments 
.Reporting 
Cost  of  Produc- 
tion 


$184,207 

86,288 

119,175 

1,032,018 

12,318,433 

2,068,094 


$147,832,513 


Percentages 
of  Product  Rep- 
resented by 
Establishments 
Reporting 
Cost  of 
Production 


58.13 

24.89 

11.32 

21.65 

38.80 

18.47 


21.91 


The  agore^ates  for  All  Industries  given  in  this  table  show 
that,  while  the  value  of  product  in  all  the  establishments 
engaged  in  manufacturing  and  mechanical  industries  in  1885 
was  $674,634,269,  the  value  of  product  in  the  establishments 
for  which  the  .percentages  of  wage  cost  are  presented  in  this 
report  was  $147,832,513,  or  21.91  per  cent  of  the  total  value 
of  product  returned  in  the  Census  year.  This  percentage 
of  aggregate  product,  covered  for  all  industries,  is,  for  many  of 
the  industries  individually,  far  too  low.  In  Boots  and  Shoes 
the  wage  cost  is  given  for  a product  amounting  to  30.63  per  cent 
of  that  shown  in  the  Census.  In  Carpetings,  57.78  per  cent; 
in  Cotton  Goods,  48.84  per  cent;  in  Cotton,  Woollen,  and 
Other  Textiles,  33.11  per  cent;  in  Hosiery  and  Knit  Goods, 
69.46  per  cent;  in  Mixed  Textiles,  49.37  per  cent;  in  Paper 
and  Paper  Goods,  51.99  per  cent;  and  in  Woollen  Goods, 
38.80  per  cent  of  the  total  product  indicated  by  the  Census 
returns  is  covered.  For  these  eight  industries,  which  turned 
out  36.11  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  goods  made  in  the 
Census  year,  the  percentage  of  wage  cost  is  given  in  the  tables 
for  an  aggregate  product  amounting  to  39.67  per  cent  of  the 
total  value  of  goods  made  in  them,  as  shown  by  the  Census.  If 
to  this  group  we  add  the  following : Artisans’  Tools,  Buttons 
and  Dress  Trimmings,  Cooking,  Lighting,  and  Heating  Appa- 
ratus, Cordage  and  Twine,  Earthen,  Plaster,  and  Stone  Ware, 
Emery  and  Sand  Paper  and  Cloth,  etc.,  Fancy  Articles,  Glue, 
Isinglass,  and  Starch,  Hair  Work  (Animal  and  Human),  Ivory, 
Bone,  Shell,  and  Horn  Goods,  etc.,  Tobacco,  Snuff,  and  Cigars, 


No.  15.]  WAGES:  COST  OF  PEODUCTION. 


77 


and  Toys  and  Games  (Children’s),  in  each  of  which  the  returns 
are  practically  as  complete  as  in  the  industries  first  named,  we 
shall  find  that,  in  the  20  industries,  which  turned  out  38.97  per- 
cent of  the  total  value  of  goods  made  in  the  Census  year,  the 
percentage  of  wage  cost  is  given  for  an  aggregate  product 
amounting:  to  two-fifths  of  that  shown  in  the  same  industries 
in  the  Census. 

In  each  of  22  industries  the  amount  of  product  for  which  the 
percentage  of  wage  cost  is  given  is  less  than  10  per  cent  of 
the  total  product  shown  in  the  industry.  While  such  returns 
are  comparatively  meagre,  these  industries  combined  had  an 
aggregate  product  of  but  24.99  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of 
goods  made  in  all  industries  in  the  Census  year.  In  this  group 
are  included  several  which  may  be  classed  as  mechanical 
rather  than  manufacturing  industries,  such  as  Artificial  Teeth 
and  Dental  Work,  Building,  Concrete  Walks,  Paving,  etc., 
Lumber,  Photographs  and  Photographic  Materials,  and  Print- 
ing, Publishing,  and  Bookbinding.  Nearly  one-half  of  the 
total  product  derived  from  the  22  industries  was  turned  out 
in  Food  Preparations,  which  includes  butchering,  meat  pack- 
ing, etc. 

The  returns,  therefore,  may  be  considered  representative, 
and  particularly  so  in  the  larger  and  more  important  industries. 

The  following  table  presents,  for  each  industry,  the  total 
wage  cost  of  production,  the  total  cost  of  production,  and  the 
percentage  of  wage  cost  of  total  cost. 


Percentages  of  Wage  Cost  of  Total  Cost  of  Production : By  Industries. 


• Industries. 

Total  Cost 
of 

Production 

Wage  Cost 
of 

Production 

Percentages 
of  Wage  Cost  of 
Total  Cost 
of  Production 

Agricultural  implements, 

$208,436 

$79,324 

38.06 

Arms  and  ammunition, 

280,880 

82,877 

29.51 

Artificial  teeth  andf  dental  work-, 

2,010 

520 

*25.87 

Artisans’  tools, 

881,946 

430,975 

48.87 

Boots  and  shoes 

30,307,288 

7,536,597 

*24. S7 

Boxes  (paper  and  wooden),  .... 

892,008 

291,241 

32.65 

Brick,  tiles,  and  sewer  pipe 

293,451 

166,414 

56.71 

Brooms,  brushes,  and  mops 

118, 9S3 

39,655 

33.33 

Building 

715,647 

241,567 

33.76 

Burial  cases,  caskets,  coffins,  etc 

41,788 

16,700 

39.96 

Buttons  and  dress  trimmings,  .... 

297,678 

81,318 

27.32 

Carpetings,  . 

3,281,430 

694,983 

21.18 

* Two  establishments  omitted. 


78 


STATISTICS  OF  LABOK.  [Pub.  Doc 


Percentages  of  Wage  Cost  of  Total  Cost  of  Production : By  Industries 

— Continued. 


Industries. 

Total  Cost 
of 

Production 

Wage  Cost 
of 

Production 

Percentages 
of  Wage  Cost  of 
Total  Cost 
of  Production 

Carriages  and  wagons 

$640,706 

$294,174 

f45 . 91 

Cement,  kaolin,  lime,  and  plaster,  . 

94,469 

29,951 

31.70 

Chemical  preparations  (compounded),  . 

3,259 

302 

9.27 

Clocks  and  watches, 

41,848 

32,247 

77.06 

Clothing,  

3,533,706 

811,548 

22.97 

Concrete  walks,  paving,  etc.,  .... 

6,375 

4,540 

71.22 

Cooking,  lighting,  and  heating  apparatus, 

730,496 

374,291 

51.24 

Cordage  and  twine 

1,823,406 

254,703 

13.97 

Cotton  goods,  . . . 

28,302,811 

8,582,928 

30.33 

Cotton,  woollen,  and  other  textiles, 

732,052 

238,925 

32.64 

Crayons,  pencils,  crucibles,  etc.,  . . ' . 

10,966 

• 6,000 

54.71 

Drugs  and  medicines 

24,833 

5,697 

||22.94 

Dyestuffs, 

72,505 

14,937 

20.60 

Earthen,  plaster,  and  stone  ware,  . 

97,620 

64,513 

66.09 

Electrical  apparatus  and  appliances, 

132,682 

60,509 

45.60 

Electroplating, 

2,909 

800 

27.50 

Emery  and  sand  paper  and  cloth,  etc.,  . 

132,283 

35,322 

26.70 

Fancy  articles, 

18,535 

10,500 

56.65 

Fertilizers,  . 

687,358 

58,900 

8.57 

Flax,  hemp,  and  jute  goods,  .... 

289,607 

64,124 

22.14 

Food  preparations 

2,339,957 

291,085 

J12.44 

Furniture, 

1,529,074 

566,236 

37.03 

Glass, 

7,437 

4,593 

61.76 

Glue,  isinglass,  and  starch,  .... 

430,507 

64,461 

14.97 

Hair  work  (animal  and  human), 

283,248 

34,535 

12.19 

Hosiery  and  knit  goods, 

2,430,781 

769,429 

31.65 

Ink,  mucilage,  and  paste, 

14,834 

3,644 

24.57 

Ivory,  bone,  shell,  and  horn  goods,  etc., 

665,267 

147,609 

22.19 

Leather, 

4,675,586 

672,117 

f 14 . 38 

Linen 

304,824 

99,700 

32.71 

Liquors  and  beverages  (not  spirituous), 

60,135 

21,492 

35.74 

Liquors  : malt,  distilled,  and  fermented, 

654,656 

88,133 

13.46 

Lumber,  ........ 

220,960 

55,185 

24.98 

Machines  and  machinery,  .... 

2,754,123 

1,285,690 

46.68 

Metals  and  metallic  goods 

5,503,500 

1,977,586 

f35.93 

Mixed  textiles, 

646,764 

101,986 

15.77 

Models  and  patterns, 

3,141 

1,932 

61.51 

Musical  instruments  and  materials, 

972,944 

389,927 

40.08 

Oils  and  illuminating  fluids,  .... 

97,351 

5,760 

5.92 

Paints,  colors,  and  crude  chemicals, 

163,741 

27,180* 

16.60 

Paper  and  paper  goods,  . . . . 

9,487,326 

1,740,401 

18.34 

Perfumes,  toilet  articles,  etc.,  .... 

3,343 

915 

27.37 

Photographs  and  photographic  materials, 

63,060 

25,851 

40.99 

Polishes  and  dressing 

197,048 

21,869 

11.10 

Printing,  publishing,  and  bookbinding,  . 

66,827 

26,030 

38.95 

Railroad  construction, 

20,071 

10,000 

49.82 

Rubber  and  elastic  goods,  .... 

2,197,152 

554,251 

25.23 

Salt 

628 

328 

52.23 

t One  establishment  omitted.  ||  Five  establishments  omitted.  X Three  establishments  omitted. 


No.  15.]  WAGtfgS : COST  OF  PRODUCTION. 


79 


Percentages  of  Wage  Cost  of  Total  Cost  of  Production : By  Industries 

— Concluded. 


Industries. 

Total  Cost 
of 

Production 

Wage  Cost 
of 

Production 

Percentages 
of  Wage  Cost  of 
Total  Cost 
of  Production 

Scientific  instruments  and  appliances,  . 

$51,178 

$23,851 

f46.60 

Silk  and  silk  goods, 

478,186 

145,611 

30.45 

Sporting  and  athletic  goods 

32,772 

13,065 

39.87 

Stone, 

501,949 

283,441 

56.47 

Straw  and  palm  leaf  goods,  . . 

482,138 

108,802 

22.57 

Tallow,  candles,  soap,  and  grease,  . 

674,786 

60,749 

9.00 

Tobacco,  snuff,  and  cigars,  .... 

980,431 

339,814 

*34.66 

Toys  and  games  (children’s),  .... 

154,294 

79,837 

51.74 

Trunks  and  valises, 

69,480 

15,056 

21.67 

Whips,  lashes,  and  stocks 

99,614 

23,083 

f23.17 

Wooden  goods, 

759,419 

259,506 

J34.17 

Woollen  goods, 

0,157,270 

2,229,314 

21.95 

Worsted  goods 

1,768,208 

371,962 

21.04 

All  Industries 

$126,703,981 

$33,549,098 

26.48 

f One  establishment  omitted.  * Two  establishments  omitted.  J Three  establishments  omitted. 


Analyzing  the  preceding  table,  we  find  the  higher  percent- 
ages of  wage  cost  of  total  cost  of  production  in  the  following 
classified  industries,  the  percentage,  in  each  case,  being  above 
50.  Brick,  Tiles,  and  Sewer  Pipe,  56.71  per  cent;  Clocks 
and  Watches,  77.06  per  cent;  Concrete  Walks,  Paving,  etc., 
71.22  per  cent;  Cooking,  Lighting,  and  Heating  Apparatus, 
51.24  per  cent;  Crayons,  Pencils,  Crucibles,  etc.,  54.71  per 
cent;  Earthen,  Plaster,  and  Stone  Ware,  66.09  per  cent; 
Fancy  Articles,  56.65  per  cent ; Glass,  61.76  per  cent ; Models 
and  Patterns,  61.51  per  cent;  Salt,  52.23  per  cent;  Stone, 
56.47  per  cent;  and  Toys  and  Games  (Children’s),  51.74  per 
cent.  These  industries  are  principally  those  in  which  the  stock 
used,  or,  in  other  words,  the  raw  material,  is  a crude  substance 
of  relatively  low  cost,  such  as  clay,  certain  kinds  of  earth, 
sand,  rough  stone,  etc.,  or  they  are  industries  in  which  a high 
degree  of  skill  is  required,  as  in  Clocks  and  Watches. 

The  lower  percentages  of  wage  cost  are  found  in  the  follow- 
ing industries,  the  percentage,  in  each  case,  being  below  20. 
Chemical  Preparations  (Compounded),  9.27  per  cent;  Cord- 
age and  Twine,  13.97  per  cent;  Fertilizers,  8.57  per  cent; 
Food  Preparations,  12.44  per  cent;  Glue,  Isinglass,  and 
Starch,  14.97  per  cent;  Hair  Work  (Animal  and  Human), 


80 


STATISTICS  OF  LABOR.  [Pub.  Doc. 


12.19  per  cent;  Leather,  14.38  per  cent;  Liquors:  Malt, 
Distilled,  and  Fermented,  13.46  per  cent;  Mixed  Textiles, 
15.77  percent;  Oils  and  Illuminating  Fluids,  5.92  per  cent; 
Paints,  Colors,  and  Crude  Chemicals,  16.60  per  cent ; Paper 
and  Paper  Goods,  18.34  per  cent;  Polishes  and  Dressing, 
11.10  per  cent;  and  Tallow,  Candles,  Soap,  and  Grease,  9 
per  cent.  These  are  industries  in  which,  as  a rule,  the  raw 
material  or  stock  used  is  itself  a manufactured  article  involving 
labor  in  its  production,  the  value  of  such  labor  not  appearing 
directly  in  the  particular  industry  specified,  such  as  Chemical 
Preparations  (Compounded),  Hair  Work  (Animal  and 
Human),  Leather,  and  Food  Preparations,  or  they  are  indus- 
tries in  which  only  a small  amount  of  labor  is  involved,  such  as 
Fertilizers,  and  Glue,  Isinglass,  and  Starch. 

In  the  following  industries  the  proportion  of  wage  cost  of 
total  cost  of  production  ranges  above  33.33  per  cent  but  below 
50  per  cent,  or,  in  other  words,  in  these  industries  more  than 
one-third  but  less  than  one-half  of  the  total  cost  of  production 
is  due  to  the  cost  of  labor:  Agricultural  Implements,  38.06 
per  Cent;  Artisans’  Tools,  48.87  per  cent;  Building,  33.76 
per  cent;  Burial  Cases,  Caskets,  Coffins,  etc.,  39.96  per  cent; 
Carriages  and  Wagons,  45.91  per  cent;  Electrical  Apparatus 
and  Appliances,  45.60  per  cent;  Furniture,  37.03  per  cent; 
Machines  and  Machinery,  46.68  per  cent;  Metals  and  Metallic 
Goods,  35.93  per  cent;  Liquors  and  Beverages  (Not  Spiritu- 
ous), 35.74  per  cent;  Musical  Instruments  and  Materials, 
40.08  per  cent ; Photographs  and  Photographic  Materials, 
40.99  per  cent;  Printing,  Publishing,  and  Bookbinding, 
38.95  per  cent;  Railroad  Construction,  49.82  per  cent; 
Scientific  Instruments  and  Appliances,  46.60  per  cent;  Sport- 
ing and  Athletic  Goods,  39.87  per  cent;  Tobacco,  Snuff,  and 
Cigars,  34.66  per  cent;  Wooden  Goods,  34.17  per  cent. 
These  are  chiefly  industries  in  which  considerable  technical 
skill  is  expended  upon  materials  or  articles  of  stock  which 
have  been  previously  subjected  to  industrial  processes. 

In  the  following  industries  the  percentage  of  wage  cost  is 
above  20  but  does  not  exceed  33.33  ; that  is,  at  least  one-fifth 
but  not  more  than  one-third  of  the  cost  of  production  is  due  to 
the  cost  of  labor:  Arms  and  Ammunition,  29.51  per  cent; 
Artificial  Teeth  and  Dental  Work,  25.87  per  cent;  Boots  and 


No.  15.]  WAGES : COST  OF  PRODUCTION. 


81 


Shoes,  24.87  per  cent ; Brooms,  Brushes,  and  Mops,  33.33 
percent;  Boxes  (Paper  and  Wooden),  32.65  per  cent;  But- 
tons and  Dress  Trimmings,  27.32  per  cent;  Carpetings,  21.18 
per  cent ; Cement,  Kaolin,  Lime,  and  Plaster,  31.70  per  cent ; 
Clothing,  22.97  per  cent;  Cotton  Goods,  30.33  per  cent; 
Cotton,  Woollen,  and  Other  Textiles,  32.64  per  cent;  Drugs 
and  Medicines,  22.94  per  cent;  Dyestuffs,  20.60  per  cent; 
Electroplating,  27.50  per  cent;  Emery  and  Sand  Paper  and 
Cloth,  etc.,  26.70  per  cent;  Flax,  Hemp,  and  Jute  Goods, 
22.14  per  cent;  Hosiery  and  Knit  Goods,  31.65  per  cent; 
Ink,  Mucilage,  and  Paste,  24.57  per  cent;  Ivory,  Bone, 
Shell,  and  Horn  Goods,  etc.,  22.19  per  cent;  Linen,  32.71 
per  cent;  Lumber,  24.98  per  cent;  Perfumes,  Toilet  Articles, 
etc.,  27.37  per  cent;  Rubber  and  Elastic  Goods,  25.23  per 
cent ; Silk  and  Silk  Goods,  30.45  per  cent ; Straw  and  Palm 
Leaf  Goods,  22.57  per  cent;  Trunks  and  Valises,  21.67  per 
cent;  Whips,  Lashes,  and  Stocks,  23.17  per  cent;  Woollen 
Goods,  21.95  per  cent;  and  Worsted  Goods,  21.04  per  cent. 
These  include  most  of  the  great  factory  industries  of  the 
Commonwealth . 

While  these  presentations  are  to  be  considered  typical  of 
the  industries,  as  classified,  it  should  be  remembered  that,  for 
many  of  the  articles  included  within  each  industry,  the  per- 
centage of  wage  cost  is  considerably  higher  than  the  averages 
thus  determined.  For  example,  taking  such  an  industry  as 
Leather,  in  which  the  average  percentage  of  wage  cost  runs 
as  low  as  14.38  per  cent,  if  we  turn  to  page  40  we  shall 
find  that  the  article  “ Kip  Leather,”  represented  by  two 
instances,  shows  a wage  cost  ranging  from  28.57  per  cent 
to  30.51  per  cent  of  the  total  cost  of  production.  Again, 
the  average  percentage  of  wage  cost  in  Cotton  Goods  is  30.33 
per  cent;  but,  upon  page  28,  certain  cotton  dress  goods  are 
presented,  in  the  production  of  which  the  wage  cost  rises  to 
41.67  per  cent  of  the  total  cost;  and  an  example  of  “ Ging- 
ham” appears,  where  the  wage  cost  is  42.82  per  cent  of  the 
total  cost.  So,  too,  in  the  paper  and  paper  goods  industry, 
the  average  percentage  of  wage  cost  for  the  industry  is 
18.34;  but  for  certain  grades  of  “ Writing  Paper,”  shown 
on  page  55,  the  wage  cost  rises  to  48.89  per  cent  of  the  total 
cost. 


82 


STATISTICS  OF  LABOR.  [Pub.  Doc. 


Instances  of  this  sort  might  be  multiplied  indefinitely.  In- 
deed, it  would  be  easy  to  select  certain  standard  articles  in 
each  industry  from  which  might  be  derived  an  average  percent- 
age of  wage  cost  considerably  higher  than  that  shown  by  this 
investigation.  In  every  case,  however,  the  range  of  percent- 
ages of  wage  cost  prevailing  in  the  establishments  from  which 
the  industry  averages  are  derived,  and  for  certain  selected 
articles  made  in  these  establishments,  may  be  clearly  seen  from 
the  tables.  The  industry  average  should  be  compared  with 
this  range,  and  the  value  of  the  presentation  is  enhanced  by 
the  fact  that  such  a comparison  is  possible  by  means  of  data 
covering  a comparatively  wide  field. 

The  following  conclusions  are  summarized  from  the  tables  : 

1.  In  industries  in  which  the  total  value  of  goods  made , as 
shown  in  the  latest  Decennial  Census,  was  $15,991,687,  or 
2.37  per  cent  of  the  aggregate  value  of  goods  made  in  the 
manufacturing  and  mechanical  industries  of  the  Commonwealth, 
the  average  ivage  cost  does  not  fcdl  below  50  per  cent,  or  one- 
half  of  the  total  cost  of  production,  the  range  being  from  51.24 
per  cent  to  77.06  per  cent.  In  these  industries  14,819  males 
and  1 ,576 females  were  employed  in  the  Census  year  1885. 

2.  In  industries  in  which  the  total  value  of  goods  made,  as 
shown  in  the  latest  Decennial  Census,  was  $158,016,950,  or 
23.42  per  cent  of  the  aggregate  value  of  goods  made  in  the 
manufacturing  and  mechanical  industries  of  the  Commonwealth, 
the  average  ivage  cost  does  not  rise  above  20  per  cent,  or  one- 
fifth  of  the  total  cost  of  production,  the  range  being  from  5.92 
per  cent  to  18.34  per  cent.  In  these  industries  29,441  males 
and  7 ,864 females  were  employed  in  the  Census  year  1885. 

3.  In  industries  in  which  the  total  value  of  goods  made,  as 
shown  in  the  latest  Decennial  Census,  was  $163,817 ,382,  or 
24.28  per  cent  of  the  aggregate  value  of  goods  made  in  the 
manufacturing  and  mechanical  industries  of  the  Commonwealth, 
the  proportion  of  average  wage  cost  does  not  fcdl  below  33.33 
per  cent  nor  rise  above  50  per  cent,  or  in  other  words,  is  more 
than  one-third  bid  less  than  one-half  of  the  total  cost  of  produc- 
tion. In  these  industries  98,631  males  and  7,414  females 
were  employed  in  the  Census  year  1 885. 


No.  15.]  WAGES : COST  OF  PRODUCTION.  83 

4.  In  industries  in  which  the  total  value  of  goocps  made , as 
shown  in  the  latest  Decennial  Census , was  $313,010,086,  or 
46.40  per  cent  of  the  aggregate  value  of  goods  made  in  the 
manufacturing  and  mechanical  industries  of  the  Commonwealth, 
the  proportion  of  average  wage  cost  does  not  fall  below  20  per 
cent  nor  rise  above  33.33  per  cent,  or  in  other  words , is  more 
than  one-fiftli  but  less  than  one-third  of  the  total  cost  of  produc- 
tion. In  these  industries  112,297  males  and  95,508  females 
were  employed  in  the  Census  year  1 885. 

The  above  conclusions  are  presented  in  tabular  form  below. 


Classification  of 

Wage  Cost. 

Range 

Product 

Persons  Employed 

High- 

est 

Low- 

est 

Value 

Per-  1 
centage 
Repre- 
sented 

Males 

Females 

Total 

More  than  one-half,  . 

77.06 

51.24 

$15,991,687 

2.37 

14,819 

1 

.1,576 

16,395 

Less  than  one-fifth,  . 

18.34 

5.92 

158,016,950 

23.42 

29,441 

-7,864 

37,305 

Between  one-third  and  one-half, 

49.82 

33.76 

163,817,382 

24.28 

98,631 

7,414 

106,045 

Between  one-fifth  and  one-third, 

33.33 

20.60 

313,010,086 

46.40 

112,297 

95,508 

207,805 

Totals,  .... 

77.06 

5.92 

$650,836,105 

96.47 

255,188 

112,362 

367,550 

